零基础学VB6.0仿真：用四阶龙格库塔法计算传递函数状态方程的结果

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-03 15:51:35 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-03 15:51:35 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43596278/article/details/127032809

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前言

一、数学模型

二、算法介绍-四阶龙格库塔法（RUNGE-KUTTA）

前言

课程探究：连续系统的数值积分，选择合适的编程语言与环境对数学模型进行仿真，求解结果。

连续系统仿真步骤：

1 建立数学模型：微分方程、状态方程、传递函数

2 建立仿真模型：选择仿真算法，将数学模型转化为仿真模型

3 编写运行程序：选择某种语言，写出计算机仿真程序，进行运行，获得仿真结果

一、数学模型

根据前一篇文章的数学模型

$G(s)=\frac{2s+6}{s^{3}+7s^{2}+14s+8}=\frac{s+3}{s+1}\cdot \frac{2}{s+2}\cdot \frac{1}{s+4}=\frac{4/3}{s+1}-\frac{1}{s+2}-\frac{1/3}{s+4}$

不懂级并串的参考上一篇文章：级联、串联、并联求传递函数的方框图和状态方程

二、算法介绍-四阶龙格库塔法（RUNGE-KUTTA）

省略推导公式，直接给出龙格库塔公式：

$\begin{aligned} x_{k+1}&=x_{k}+\left ( k_{1}+2 k_{2}+2 k_{3}+ k_{4} \right )/6\\ k_{1}&=h*f\left ( x_{k},t_{k} \right ) \\ k_{2}&=h*f\left ( x_{k}+k_{1}h/2,t_{k}+h/2 \right ) \\ k_{3}&=h*f\left ( x_{k}+k_{2}h/2,t_{k}+h/2 \right ) \\ k_{4}&=h*f\left ( x_{k}+k_{3}h,t_{k}+h \right ) \\ \end{aligned}$

其中，h为求解步长。

三、VB编程

1.编译环境：VB6.0

2.新建工程

新建CommandButton和Textbox

双击“Command1”，写程序

3.主程序

Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim h As Single
Dim t As Single
Dim I As Integer
h = 0.1
'h是步长0.1
t = 0
For I = 1 To 200
'I 仿真200步
t = t + h
k11 = h * f1(x1, x2, x3, x4, t)
k21 = h * f2(x1, x2, x3, x4, t)
k31 = h * f3(x1, x2, x3, x4, t)
k41 = h * f4(x1, x2, x3, x4, t)

k12 = h * f1(x1 + k11 / 2, x2 + k21 / 2, x3 + k31 / 2, x4 + k41 / 2, t + h / 2)
k22 = h * f2(x1 + k11 / 2, x2 + k21 / 2, x3 + k31 / 2, x4 + k41 / 2, t + h / 2)
k32 = h * f3(x1 + k11 / 2, x2 + k21 / 2, x3 + k31 / 2, x4 + k41 / 2, t + h / 2)
k42 = h * f4(x1 + k11 / 2, x2 + k21 / 2, x3 + k31 / 2, x4 + k41 / 2, t + h / 2)

k13 = h * f1(x1 + k12 / 2, x2 + k22 / 2, x3 + k32 / 2, x4 + k42 / 2, t + h / 2)
k23 = h * f2(x1 + k12 / 2, x2 + k22 / 2, x3 + k32 / 2, x4 + k42 / 2, t + h / 2)
k33 = h * f3(x1 + k12 / 2, x2 + k22 / 2, x3 + k32 / 2, x4 + k42 / 2, t + h / 2)
k43 = h * f4(x1 + k12 / 2, x2 + k22 / 2, x3 + k32 / 2, x4 + k42 / 2, t + h / 2)


k14 = h * f1(x1 + k13, x2 + k23, x3 + k33, x4 + k43, t + h)
k24 = h * f2(x1 + k13, x2 + k23, x3 + k33, x4 + k43, t + h)
k34 = h * f3(x1 + k13, x2 + k23, x3 + k33, x4 + k43, t + h)
k44 = h * f4(x1 + k13, x2 + k23, x3 + k33, x4 + k43, t + h)

x1 = x1 + (k11 + 2 * k12 + 2 * k13 + k14) / 6
x2 = x2 + (k21 + 2 * k22 + 2 * k23 + k24) / 6
x3 = x3 + (k31 + 2 * k32 + 2 * k33 + k34) / 6
x4 = x4 + (k41 + 2 * k42 + 2 * k43 + k44) / 6

Next I
Text1.Text = x4
End Sub

4.子函数

要计算传递函数的结果，需要将其转化为状态方程，子函数是根据状态方程编写的。

级联法函数

$\begin{cases} x_{1}^{'}=u-7x_{1}-14x_{2}-8x_{3}\\ x_{2}^{'}=x_{1}\\ x_{3}^{'}=x_{2}\\ y=2x_{2}+6x_{3} \end{cases}$

Function f1(x1, x2, x3, x4, t As Single)
f1 = 1 - 7 * x1 - 14 * x2 - 8 * x3
End Function

Function f2(x1, x2, x3, x4, t As Single)
f2 = x1
End Function

Function f3(x1, x2, x3, x4, t As Single)
f3 = x2
End Function

Function f4(x1, x2, x3, x4, t As Single)
f4 = 2 * x2 + 6 * x3
End Function

串联法函数

$\begin{cases} x_{1}^{'}=u-x_{1}\\ x_{2}^{'}=x_{1}^{'}+3x_{1}-2x_{2}=u+2x_{1}-2x_{2}\\ x_{3}^{'}=2x_{2}-4x_{3}\\ y=x_{3} \end{cases}$

Function f1(x1, x2, x3, x4, t As Single)
f1 = u - x1
End Function

Function f2(x1, x2, x3, x4, t As Single)
f2 = 1 + 2 * x1 - 2 * x2
End Function

Function f3(x1, x2, x3, x4, t As Single)
f3 = 2 * x2 - 4 * x3
End Function

Function f4(x1, x2, x3, x4, t As Single)
f4 = x3
End Function

并联法函数

$\begin{cases} x_{1}^{'}=u-x_{1}\\ x_{2}^{'}=u-2x_{2}\\ x_{3}^{'}=u-4x_{3}\\ y=\frac{4}{3}x_{1}-x_{2}-\frac{1}{3}x_{3} \end{cases}$

Function f1(x1, x2, x3, x4, t As Single)
f1 = 1 - x1
End Function

Function f2(x1, x2, x3, x4, t As Single)
f2 = 1 - 2 * x2
End Function

Function f3(x1, x2, x3, x4, t As Single)
f3 = 1 - 4 * x3
End Function

Function f4(x1, x2, x3, x4, t As Single)
f4 = 4 / 3 * x1 - x2 - 1 / 3 * x3
End Function