2021-01-27

网络编程

1.1、概述

TCP和UDP

打电话 – 连接 --接了–通话 TCP

发短信 – 发送了就完了 --接通 UDP

网络编程的目的:

无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换,通信。

想要达到这个效果需要什么:

1.如何准确定位网络上的一台主机,192.168.1.1 :端口,定位到这个计算机的某种资源

2.找到这个主机,如何传输数据呢?

javaweb :网页编程 B/S

网络编程:TCP/IP CS

1.2、网络通讯的要素

ip和端口号 IP

网络通信协议 udp tcp

1.3、IP

ip地址:InetAddress

  • 唯一定位一台网络上的计算机

  • 127.0.0.1 localhost

  • ip地址的分类

    • ipv4/ipv6

      • IPV4:127.0.0.1

      • IPV6: fe80::fd83:7abf:743e:a5db%7,128位。八个无符号整数

        2001:aaaa:0000:1234:bbbb:1201:2342:cccc
        
    • 公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)

      • ABCD类地址
      • 192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织类使用
  • 域名:记忆IP问题

  • IP:www.vip.com 万网

package com.chen.lesson01;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TestInetAdress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);

            //查询网络ip地址
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);

            //常用方法
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
  

1.4、端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程;

  • 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件

  • 被规定 0 ~ 65535

  • TCP、UDP:65535*2,tcp:80,udp:80,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突

  • 端口分类

    • 公有端口0~1023

      • HTTP:80
      • HTTPS:443
      • FTP:21
      • Telent:23
    • 程序用户端口:1024~49151,分配用户或者程序

      • Tomcat:8080
      • MySQL:3306
      • Oracle:1521
    • 动态,私有:49152~65535

      netstat -ano  #查看所有端口
      netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口
      tasklist|findstr "5900" #查看指定端口的进程
      
    • package com.chen.lesson01;
      
      import com.sun.xml.internal.ws.api.model.wsdl.WSDLOutput;
      
      import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
      
      public class TestInetSocketAddress {
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              InetSocketAddress socketAddress= new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
              InetSocketAddress socketAddress2= new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
              System.out.println(socketAddress);
              System.out.println(socketAddress2);
              
              System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
              System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());
              System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());
          }
      
      }
      
      

1.5、通信协议

协议:约定。就好比我们所说的普通话

**网络通信协议:**速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…

问题:非常的复杂

TCP/IP协议分簇实际上是一组协议

重要:

  • TCP:用户传输协议
  • UDP:用户数据报协议

出名的协议:

  • TCP:
  • IP:网络互连协议

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-yM7zubyh-1611738845232)(C:\Users\chenkaifang\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20210123162539307.png)]

TCP、UDP 对比:

TCP:打电话

  • 连接,稳定

  • 三次握手,四次挥手

    最少需要三次,保证稳定连接
    A:你瞅啥?
    B:瞅你咋地?
    A:干一场!
    
    A:我要走了!
    B:你真的要走了吗?
    B:你真的真的要走了吗?
    A:我真的要走了?
    
  • 客户端,服务端

  • 传输完成,释放连接,效率低

UDP:发短信

  • 不连接,不稳定
  • 客户端,服务端:没有明确的界限
  • 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
  • 导弹
  • DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)

1.6、TCP

客户端

  1. 连接服务器 Socke
  2. 发送消息
package com.chen.lesson02;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            //1.要知道服务器的地址
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port=9999;
            //2.创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
            //3.发送消息,IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好,欢迎!".getBytes());

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

服务器

  1. 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
  2. 等待用户的连接 accept
  3. 接收用户的消息
package com.chen.lesson02;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            //1.要有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while(true){
                //2.等待客户端连接过来
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                //3.读取客户端的消息
                is = socket.getInputStream();

                //管道流
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while((len= is.read(buffer))!=-1){
                    baos.write(buffer,0,len);
                }
                System.out.println(baos.toString());
            }


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭资源
            if(baos!=null){
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(is!=null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }
    }
}

文件传输

服务器端

package com.chen.lesson02;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1.创建服务,
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2.监听客户端的连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端的连接
        //3.获取输出流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //4.文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("receive.jpg");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int lens;
        if((lens=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,lens);
        }
        //通知客户端我接收完毕了
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());

        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

客户端

package com.chen.lesson02;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.创建一个socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
        //2.创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.文件流 读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("tx.jpg"));
        //写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int lens;
        if((lens=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,lens);
        }

        //通知服务器我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了

        //确定服务端接收完毕,才能断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        //String byte[]
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        byte[] buffer2=new byte[1024];
        int lens2;
        while((lens2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0,lens2);
        }

        System.out.println(baos.toString());
        //关闭资源
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

TomCat

服务端

  • 自定义
  • Tomcat服务器:java后台开发

客户端

  • 自定义
  • 浏览器

1.7、UDP

发短信,不用连接,需要知道对方的地址

发送消息与接收消息

发送端
package com.chen.lesson03;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        //2.建个包
        String msg="你好啊!服务器";
        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port=9090;
        //数据,数据长度的起始,要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);

        //3.发送包
        socket.send(packet);

        //4.关闭流
        socket.close();

    }
}

接收端
package com.chen.lesson03;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);

        //接收包
        socket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        //关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}

循环发送消息与接收消息

循环发送
package com.chen.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.*;

public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);

        //准备数据,控制台读取System.in
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        while(true){
            String data= reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
            socket.send(packet);
            if(data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

循环接收
package com.chen.chat;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpReceiverDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket =new DatagramSocket(6666);

        while(true){
            //准备接收包裹
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

            //断开连接,bye
            byte[] data=packet.getData();
            String receiveData= new String(data,0,data.length);

            System.out.println(receiveData);

            if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();


    }
}

咨询

在线咨询,两个人都可以是发送方和接收方

TalkSender.java
package com.chen.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkSender implements Runnable{
   DatagramSocket socket=null;
   BufferedReader reader=null;

   private int fromPort;
   private String toIP;
   private int toPort;

   public TalkSender(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
       this.fromPort = fromPort;
       this.toIP = toIP;
       this.toPort = toPort;

       try {
           socket=new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
           reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
       } catch (SocketException e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
   }

   @Override
   public void run() {
       while(true){

           try {
               String data = reader.readLine();
               byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
               DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
               socket.send(packet);
               if(data.equals("bye")){
                   break;
               }
           } catch (IOException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
           }

       }
       socket.close();
   }
}

TalkReceiver.java
package com.chen.chat;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceiver implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket=null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;
    public TalkReceiver(int port,String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom=msgFrom;
        try {
            socket=new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while(true){

            try {
                //准备接收包裹
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

                //断开连接,bye
                byte[] data=packet.getData();
                String receiveData= new String(data,0,data.length);

                System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);

                if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

TalkStudent.java
package com.chen.chat;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSender(6666,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceiver(5555,"老师")).start();
    }
}

TalkTeacher
package com.chen.chat;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSender(3333,"localhost",5555)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceiver(9999,"学生")).start();
    }
}

1.8、URL

https://www.baidu.com/

统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网的某一个资源

DNS域名解析:www.baidu.com

协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
package com.chen.lesson04;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=chencao&password=123");
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
        System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
        System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件路径
        System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
        System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数

    }
}

利用URL下载

package com.chen.lesson04;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class UrlDown {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.下载地址
        URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20210125225956/7854e2d33f8a0acbf6d02a0d0db4f0e1/jdyyaac/065a/560c/550f/10d1fdc14baffb876131befa7c46d936.m4a");
        //2.连接这个资源 HTTP
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("6.m4a");

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int lens;
        while ((lens=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,lens);//写出这个数据
        }
        //断开连接
        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();


    }
}
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