网络编程
1.1、概述
TCP和UDP
打电话 – 连接 --接了–通话 TCP
发短信 – 发送了就完了 --接通 UDP
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换,通信。
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
1.如何准确定位网络上的一台主机,192.168.1.1 :端口,定位到这个计算机的某种资源
2.找到这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaweb :网页编程 B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP CS
1.2、网络通讯的要素
ip和端口号 IP
网络通信协议 udp tcp
1.3、IP
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
127.0.0.1 localhost
-
ip地址的分类
-
ipv4/ipv6
-
IPV4:127.0.0.1
-
IPV6: fe80::fd83:7abf:743e:a5db%7,128位。八个无符号整数
2001:aaaa:0000:1234:bbbb:1201:2342:cccc
-
-
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织类使用
-
-
域名:记忆IP问题
-
IP:www.vip.com 万网
package com.chen.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TestInetAdress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//查询网络ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程;
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件
-
被规定 0 ~ 65535
-
TCP、UDP:65535*2,tcp:80,udp:80,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
-
程序用户端口:1024~49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
-
动态,私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "5900" #查看指定端口的进程
-
package com.chen.lesson01; import com.sun.xml.internal.ws.api.model.wsdl.WSDLOutput; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress= new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2= new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort()); } }
-
1.5、通信协议
协议:约定。就好比我们所说的普通话
**网络通信协议:**速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
问题:非常的复杂
TCP/IP协议分簇实际上是一组协议:
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互连协议
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TCP、UDP 对比:
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手,四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接 A:你瞅啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一场! A:我要走了! B:你真的要走了吗? B:你真的真的要走了吗? A:我真的要走了?
-
客户端,服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端,服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
1.6、TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器 Socke
- 发送消息
package com.chen.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port=9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送消息,IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎!".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接收用户的消息
package com.chen.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.要有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while(true){
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len= is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if(baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件传输
服务器端
package com.chen.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建服务,
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端的连接
//3.获取输出流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("receive.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int lens;
if((lens=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,lens);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
package com.chen.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.文件流 读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("tx.jpg"));
//写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int lens;
if((lens=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,lens);
}
//通知服务器我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务端接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2=new byte[1024];
int lens2;
while((lens2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,lens2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
TomCat
服务端
- 自定义
- Tomcat服务器:java后台开发
客户端
- 自定义
- 浏览器
1.7、UDP
发短信,不用连接,需要知道对方的地址
发送消息与接收消息
发送端
package com.chen.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg="你好啊!服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port=9090;
//数据,数据长度的起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.chen.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
//接收包
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息与接收消息
循环发送
package com.chen.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.*;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据,控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true){
String data= reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接收
package com.chen.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiverDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket =new DatagramSocket(6666);
while(true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接,bye
byte[] data=packet.getData();
String receiveData= new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
咨询
在线咨询,两个人都可以是发送方和接收方
TalkSender.java
package com.chen.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSender implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket=null;
BufferedReader reader=null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSender(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket=new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkReceiver.java
package com.chen.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceiver implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket=null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceiver(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom=msgFrom;
try {
socket=new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接,bye
byte[] data=packet.getData();
String receiveData= new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkStudent.java
package com.chen.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSender(6666,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceiver(5555,"老师")).start();
}
}
TalkTeacher
package com.chen.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSender(3333,"localhost",5555)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceiver(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8、URL
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网的某一个资源
DNS域名解析:www.baidu.com
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
package com.chen.lesson04;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=chencao&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件路径
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
利用URL下载
package com.chen.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20210125225956/7854e2d33f8a0acbf6d02a0d0db4f0e1/jdyyaac/065a/560c/550f/10d1fdc14baffb876131befa7c46d936.m4a");
//2.连接这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("6.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int lens;
while ((lens=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,lens);//写出这个数据
}
//断开连接
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}