Java 状态模式实现

状态模式

相关组件有状态(State)，事件(Event)，动作(Action)，状态机(ActionContext)。

通过红绿灯可以获得一个demo：
有三种状态：红色，绿色，黄色；
有一种事件：灯改变事件；
有三种动作：红变绿，绿变黄，黄变红；

State

标识状态。

package fsm;

/**
 * @author wenei
 * @date 2021-11-11 20:42
 */
public abstract class State {

    public String getName() {
        return this.getClass().getSimpleName();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return getName() + "{}";
    }
}

Event

表示事件。

package fsm;

/**
 * @author wenei
 * @date 2021-11-11 20:42
 */
public abstract class Event {

    public String getName() {
        return this.getClass().getSimpleName();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return getName() + "{}";
    }
}

Action

表示动作，在指定的State下，发生指定Event便会调用Action进行操作，并返回下一状态。

package fsm;

import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;

/**
 * @author wenei
 * @date 2021-11-11 20:42
 */
public abstract class Action<S extends State, E extends Event> {

    public Class<?> getStateType() {
        return (Class<?>) getGenericType(0);
    }

    public Class<?> getEventType() {
        return (Class<?>) getGenericType(1);
    }

    private Type getGenericType(int i) {
        return ((ParameterizedType) this.getClass().getGenericSuperclass()).getActualTypeArguments()[i];
    }

    /**
     * 处理state状态时发生的event事件
     * @param state 当前状态
     * @param event 发生的事件
     * @return 下一状态
     */
    public abstract State handle(S state, E event);

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return this.getClass().getSimpleName() + "{" + getStateType().getSimpleName()
                + "," + getEventType().getSimpleName() +
                "}";
    }
}

ActionContext

整个Action的上下文，也就是状态机。

package fsm;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author wenei
 * @date 2021-11-11 20:49
 */
public class ActionContext {

    private State currentState;

    private List<Action> actions = new ArrayList<>();

    public ActionContext(State currentState) {
        this.currentState = currentState;
    }

    public void addAction(Action action) {
        actions.add(action);
    }

    public ActionContext handle(Event event) {
        for (Action action : actions) {
            if (action.getEventType().isInstance(event) && action.getStateType().isInstance(currentState)) {
                currentState = action.handle(currentState, event);
                break;
            }
        }
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ActionContext{" +
                "currentState=" + currentState +
                ", actions=" + actions +
                '}';
    }
}

测试

相关实现

红绿灯状态的转变。
GreenAction，RedAction，YellowAction类似。

package fsm.action;

import fsm.Action;
import fsm.State;
import fsm.event.ChangeEvent;
import fsm.state.GreenState;
import fsm.state.YellowState;

/**
 * @author wenei
 * @date 2021-11-11 20:53
 */
public class GreenAction extends Action<GreenState, ChangeEvent> {
    @Override
    public State handle(GreenState state, ChangeEvent event) {
        System.out.println("GreenAction:" + state + "," + event);
        return new YellowState();
    }
}

RedState，YellowState，GreenState类似

package fsm.state;

import fsm.State;

/**
 * @author wenei
 * @date 2021-11-11 20:52
 */
public class GreenState extends State {
}

ChangeEvent：改变事件

package fsm.event;

import fsm.Event;

/**
 * @author wenei
 * @date 2021-11-11 20:52
 */
public class ChangeEvent extends Event {
}

Test

package fsm;

import fsm.action.GreenAction;
import fsm.action.RedAction;
import fsm.action.YellowAction;
import fsm.event.ChangeEvent;
import fsm.state.RedState;

/**
 * @author wenei
 * @date 2021-11-11 20:55
 */
public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ActionContext context = new ActionContext(new RedState());
        context.addAction(new RedAction());
        context.addAction(new GreenAction());
        context.addAction(new YellowAction());

        System.out.println(context);
        context.handle(new ChangeEvent());
        System.out.println(context);
        context.handle(new ChangeEvent());
        System.out.println(context);
        context.handle(new ChangeEvent());
        System.out.println(context);
    }
}
/*
ActionContext{currentState=RedState{}, actions=[RedAction{RedState,ChangeEvent}, GreenAction{GreenState,ChangeEvent}, YellowAction{YellowState,ChangeEvent}]}
RedAction:RedState{},ChangeEvent{}
ActionContext{currentState=GreenState{}, actions=[RedAction{RedState,ChangeEvent}, GreenAction{GreenState,ChangeEvent}, YellowAction{YellowState,ChangeEvent}]}
GreenAction:GreenState{},ChangeEvent{}
ActionContext{currentState=YellowState{}, actions=[RedAction{RedState,ChangeEvent}, GreenAction{GreenState,ChangeEvent}, YellowAction{YellowState,ChangeEvent}]}
YellowAction:YellowState{},ChangeEvent{}
ActionContext{currentState=RedState{}, actions=[RedAction{RedState,ChangeEvent}, GreenAction{GreenState,ChangeEvent}, YellowAction{YellowState,ChangeEvent}]}
*/