（6）python开发经验

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1 QListWidget样式显示异常

• main.py

  import sys
  from PySide6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QListWidget
  from PySide6.QtWidgets import QListWidgetItem, QLabel, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout
  from PySide6.QtCore import Qt
  from ui_widget import Ui_widget
  from PySide6.QtGui import QPixmap
  import rc_img
  
  class MyWidget(QWidget):
      def __init__(self, parent=None):
          super().__init__(parent) # 设置parent为None，则为顶层窗口
          self.ui = Ui_widget()
          self.ui.setupUi(self)
          menu = QListWidget()
          for i in range(10):
              item = QListWidgetItem(f"Item {i}")
              item.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
              menu.addItem(item)
          text = QLabel()
          but = QPushButton("Button")
  
          layout = QVBoxLayout()
          layout.addWidget(text)
          layout.addWidget(but)
  
          main = QWidget()
          main.setLayout(layout)
  
          l = QHBoxLayout()
          l.addWidget(menu, 1)
          l.addWidget(main, 4)
          self.setLayout(l)
  
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      app = QApplication(sys.argv)
      with open("style.css", "r") as f:
          app.setStyleSheet(f.read())
      w = MyWidget()
      w.show()
      sys.exit(app.exec())
  

• style.css

  QListWidget {
      color: #FFFFFF;
      background-color: #33373B;
  }
  
  QListWidget::item {
      min-height: 50px;
  }
  
  QListWidget::item:selected {
      background-color: #2ABf9E;
  }
  
  QLabel {
      background-color: #FFFFFF;
      qproperty-alignment: AlignCenter;
  }
  
  QPushButton {
      background-color: #2ABf9E;
      padding: 20px;
      font-size: 18px;
  }
  

• 问题：显示时QListWidget中item样式异常

  

• 解决办法：将加载样式表放到后面

  if __name__ == '__main__':
      app = QApplication(sys.argv)
      w = MyWidget()
      w.show()
      with open("style.css", "r") as f:
          app.setStyleSheet(f.read())
      sys.exit(app.exec())
  

  

2 模块编码错误

在使用pybind11将C++代码生成pyd模块时，当C++代码中有中文，并且文件使用的是utf-8 bom编码时，py

UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xbf in position 6: invalid start byte

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\py\PythonProject1\main.py", line 2, in <module>
    import test
ImportError: initialization failed

3 qtcreator开发pyqt编码错误

Error: Invalid project file: C:\Users\MHF\Documents\untitled24\untitled24.pyproject
Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)
20:43:42: 进程"D:\Python\Python313\Scripts\pyside6-project.exe"退出，退出代码 1 。
Error while building/deploying project untitled24 (kit: Python 3.13.2)
When executing step "Run PySide6 project tool"

解决办法：打开【首选项】【文本编辑器】【行为】【文件编码】，将UTF-8 BOM改为总是删除；

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