Java编程思想第四版第十四章习题

1 In ToyTest.java, comment out Toy's default constructor and explain what happens.

package job;
import java.util.*;

interface HasBatteries {}

interface Waterproof {}

interface Shoots {}



class Toy {

    //Toy() {}

    Toy(int i) {}

}



class FancyToy extends Toy implements HasBatteries, Waterproof, Shoots {

    FancyToy() {
        super(1);
    }

}



public class Main {

    static void printInfo(Class cc) {

        System.out.println("Class name: " + cc.getName() +

                " is interface? [" + cc.isInterface() + "]");

        System.out.println("Simple name: " + cc.getSimpleName());

        System.out.println("Canonical name : " + cc.getCanonicalName());

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Class c = null;

        try {

            c = Class.forName("job.FancyToy");

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

            System.out.println("Can't find FancyToy");

            System.exit(1);

        }

        printInfo(c);

        for (Class face : c.getInterfaces())

            printInfo(face);

        Class up = c.getSuperclass();

        Object obj = null;

        try {

            // Requires default constructor:

            obj = up.newInstance();

        } catch (InstantiationException e) {

            System.out.println("Cannot instantiate");

            System.exit(1);

        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

            System.out.println("Cannot access");

            System.exit(1);

        }

        printInfo(obj.getClass());

    }

}

output：

 Class name: job.FancyToy is interface? [false]
Simple name: FancyToy
Canonical name : job.FancyToy
Class name: job.HasBatteries is interface? [true]
Simple name: HasBatteries
Canonical name : job.HasBatteries
Class name: job.Waterproof is interface? [true]
Simple name: Waterproof
Canonical name : job.Waterproof
Class name: job.Shoots is interface? [true]
Simple name: Shoots
Canonical name : job.Shoots
Cannot instantiate
 

2 Incorporate a new kind of interface into ToyTest.java andverify that it is detected and displayed properly.

package job;
import java.util.*;

interface HasBatteries {}

interface Waterproof {}

interface Shoots {}

interface A{}



class Toy {

    Toy() {}

    Toy(int i) {}

}



class FancyToy extends Toy implements HasBatteries, Waterproof, Shoots,A {

    FancyToy() {
        super(1);
    }

}



public class Main {

    static void printInfo(Class cc) {

        System.out.println("Class name: " + cc.getName() +

                " is interface? [" + cc.isInterface() + "]");

        System.out.println("Simple name: " + cc.getSimpleName());

        System.out.println("Canonical name : " + cc.getCanonicalName());

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Class c = null;

        try {

            c = Class.forName("job.FancyToy");

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

            System.out.println("Can't find FancyToy");

            System.exit(1);

        }

        printInfo(c);

        for (Class face : c.getInterfaces())

            printInfo(face);

        Class up = c.getSuperclass();

        Object obj = null;

        try {

            // Requires default constructor:

            obj = up.newInstance();

        } catch (InstantiationException e) {

            System.out.println("Cannot instantiate");

            System.exit(1);

        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

            System.out.println("Cannot access");

            System.exit(1);

        }

        printInfo(obj.getClass());

    }

}

output：

Class name: job.FancyToy is interface? [false]
Simple name: FancyToy
Canonical name : job.FancyToy
Class name: job.HasBatteries is interface? [true]
Simple name: HasBatteries
Canonical name : job.HasBatteries
Class name: job.Waterproof is interface? [true]
Simple name: Waterproof
Canonical name : job.Waterproof
Class name: job.Shoots is interface? [true]
Simple name: Shoots
Canonical name : job.Shoots
Class name: job.A is interface? [true]
Simple name: A
Canonical name : job.A
Class name: job.Toy is interface? [false]
Simple name: Toy
Canonical name : job.Toy 

3 Add Rhomboid to Shapes.java. Create a Rhomboid, upcast it to a Shape, then downcast it back to a Rhomboid. Try downcasting to a Circle and see what happens.

package job;
import java.util.*;
abstract class Shape{
    abstract void draw();
    abstract void erase();
}
class Rhomboid extends Shape{

    public void draw() { System.out.println("Rhomboid.draw()"); }

    public void erase() { System.out.println("Rhomboid.erase()"); }

}

class Circle extends Shape{

    public void draw() { System.out.println("Circle.draw()"); }

    public void erase() { System.out.println("Circle.erase()"); }

}
public class Main {


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Shape a = new Rhomboid();

            a.draw();

            ((Rhomboid) a).draw();

            ((Circle) a).draw();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace(System.out);
        }
    }

}

output：

Rhomboid.draw()
Rhomboid.draw()
java.lang.ClassCastException: class job.Rhomboid cannot be cast to class job.Circle (job.Rhomboid and job.Circle are in unnamed module of loader 'app')
    at job.Main.main(Main.java:33)
 

4 Modify the previous exercise so that it uses instancof to check the type before performing the downcast.

package job;
import java.util.*;
abstract class Shape{
    abstract void draw();
    abstract void erase();
}
class Rhomboid extends Shape{

    public void draw() { System.out.println("Rhomboid.draw()"); }

    public void erase() { System.out.println("Rhomboid.erase()"); }

}

class Circle extends Shape{

    public void draw() { System.out.println("Circle.draw()"); }

    public void erase() { System.out.println("Circle.erase()"); }

}
public class Main {


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Shape a = new Rhomboid();
            if(a instanceof Shape) {
                a.draw();
            }
            if(a instanceof Rhomboid) {
                ((Rhomboid) a).draw();
            }
            else if(a instanceof Circle) {
                ((Circle) a).draw();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace(System.out);
        }
    }

}

 

5 Implement a rotate(Shape) method in Shapes.java, such that it checks to see if it is rotating a Circle (and, if so, doesn't perform the operation).

package job;
import java.util.*;
class Shape {

    public void draw() {
    }

    public void erase() {
    }

    public void rotate() {
    }

}

class Square extends Shape {

    public void draw() {
        System.out.println("Square.draw()");
    }

    public void erase() {
        System.out.println("Square.erase()");
    }

    public void rotate() {
        System.out.println("Square.rotate()");
    }

}

class Triangle extends Shape {

    public void draw() {
        System.out.println("Triangle.draw()");
    }

    public void erase() {
        System.out.println("Triangle.erase()");
    }

    public void rotate() {
        System.out.println("Triangle.rotate()");
    }

}

class Circle extends Shape {

    public void draw() {
        System.out.println("Circle.draw()");
    }

    public void erase() {
        System.out.println("Circle.erase()");
    }

    public void rotate() {
        System.out.println("Circle.rotate()");
    }

}



class RandomShapeGenerator {

    private Random rand = new Random(47);

    public RandomShapeGenerator() {
    }

    public Shape next() {

        switch (rand.nextInt(3)) {

            default:

            case 0:
                return new Circle();

            case 1:
                return new Square();

            case 2:
                return new Triangle();

        }

    }

}



public class Main {

    private static RandomShapeGenerator gen = new RandomShapeGenerator();

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Shape[] s = new Shape[9];

        // Fill up the array with shapes:

        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++)

            s[i] = gen.next();

        // Make polymorphic method calls:

        for (Shape shp : s) {

            if (!(shp instanceof Circle)) shp.rotate();

        }

    }
}

 output:

Radom

6 Modify Shapes.java so that it can "highlight" (set a flag in) all shapes of a particular type.  The toString() method for each derived Shape should indicate whether that Shape is "highlighted."

package job;
im