CentOS7.3编译安装Python3.8.1

1. 查看当前python版本

[root@master1 local]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Apr  2 2020, 13:16:51) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

可以看到执行python，默认是2.7

2. 安装依赖包

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make libffi-devel

编译python源码时，需要一些依赖包，一次安装完毕

3. 安装wget

yum install wget

包是为了下载python源码用的

4. 下载源码包

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.1/Python-3.8.1.tgz

5. 解压安装

解压压缩包

tar -zxvf Python-3.8.1.tgz  

进入文件夹

cd Python-3.8.1

配置安装位置

./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3

安装

make && make install

如果最后没提示出错，就代表正确安装了，在/usr/local/目录下就会有python3目录

[root@master1]# cd /usr/local/
[root@master1 local]#  ls
aegis  bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  python3  sbin  share  src

6. 添加软连接

#添加python3的软链接 
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python3 

#添加 pip3 的软链接 
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.8 /usr/bin/pip3

测试一下python3

[root@master1 local]# python3
Python 3.8.1 (default, May 26 2021, 15:37:02) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

这里我没有链接到python上，是因为yum要用到python2才能执行，所以现在输入python的话还是会进入python2.7，输入python3才会进入python3.8
想要链接到python的话，就得修改一下yum的配置：

vi /usr/bin/yum 
把 #! /usr/bin/python 修改为 #! /usr/bin/python2 

vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down 
把 #! /usr/bin/python 修改为 #! /usr/bin/python2