Spring编程式事务管理
前言
编程式事务管理是通过编写代码实现的事务管理,包括定义事务的开始、正常执行后的事务提交和异常时的事务回滚。
Spring 出现以前,编程式事务管理是基于 POJO 应用的唯一选择。在 Hibernate 中,我们需要在代码中显式调用 beginTransaction()、commit()、rollback() 等事务管理相关的方法,这就是编程式事务管理。而通过 Spring 提供的事务管理 API,我们可以在代码中灵活控制事务的执行。
案例
1.创建User 类
package net.huo;
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, Integer age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
// 省略set和get方法
}
2创建UserDao,并实现
package net.huo;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserDao {
/**
* 初始化User表
*/
void createUserTable();
/**
* 保存用户
*/
void saveUser(User user);
/**
* 查询用户
*/
List<User> listUser();
}
package net.huo;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition;
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
private UserDao userDao;
private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;
public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate() {
return jdbcTemplate;
}
public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
}
public UserDao getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
public void setDataSource(DataSource datasource) {
this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(datasource);
}
public void setTransactionManager(PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager) {
this.transactionManager = transactionManager;
}
@Override
public void createUserTable() {
this.jdbcTemplate.execute("CREATE TABLE `user` (\r\n" + " `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,\r\n"
+ " `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,\r\n" + " `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,\r\n"
+ " PRIMARY KEY (`id`)\r\n" + ") ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;");
}
@Override
public void saveUser(User user) {
TransactionDefinition def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
// getTransaction()用于启动事务,返回TransactionStatus实例对象
TransactionStatus status = transactionManager.getTransaction(def);
try {
this.jdbcTemplate.update("INSERT INTO USER(NAME,age) VALUES (?,?)", user.getName(), user.getAge());
transactionManager.commit(status);
System.out.println("commit!");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
transactionManager.rollback(status);
throw e;
}
}
@Override
public List<User> listUser() {
List<User> users = this.jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT NAME,age FROM USER", new RowMapper<User>() {
public User mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
User user = new User();
user.setName(rs.getString("name"));
user.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
return user;
}
});
return users;
}
}
3.创建Beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<!--数据库驱动 -->
<property name="driverClassName"
value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<!--连接数据库的url -->
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/test" />
<!--连接数据库的用户名 -->
<property name="username" value="root" />
<!--连接数据库的密码 -->
<property name="password" value="root" />
</bean>
<!--配置JDBC模板 -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<!--默认必须使用数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<bean id="userdao" class="net.huo.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate" />
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
</bean>
</beans>
4.MainApp 类
package net.huo;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MainApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
UserDao dao = (UserDao) ctx.getBean("userdao");
dao.createUserTable();
dao.saveUser(new User("bianchengbang", 12));
dao.saveUser(new User("baidu", 18));
List<User> users = dao.listUser();
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println("姓名:" + user.getName() + "\t年龄:" + user.getAge());
}
}
}
事务提交,运行结果如下:
commit!
commit!
姓名:bianchengbang 年龄:12
姓名:baidu 年龄:18
如果想模拟事务回滚场景,在提交事务时抛出异常即可。