Hibernate之关联关系（一对多）

Hibernate关联关系（一对多）

什么是关联(association)？
关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。例如:
t_hibernate_order
t_hibernate_order_item
一个订单对应多个订单项

class Order{
		private List<OrderItem> orderItems;
	  }
	  
	  class OrderItem{
		private Order order;
	  }
	  
	  
	  
	  class B{
		private String name;
	  }
	  
	  public class A{
        private B b = new B;
        public A(){}
      }

测试代码如下：
DemoDao.java：

package com.LHJ.three.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.LHJ.three.entity.Order;
import com.LHJ.three.entity.OrderItem;
import com.LHJ.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;

public class DemoDao {
	/**
	 * 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
	 * 	讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
	 * @param order
	 * @return
	 */
	public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return oid;
	}
	
	public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return otid;
	}
	
	
	
	/**
	 * 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
	 * 	1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
	 * 	2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
	 * @param order
	 * @return
	 */
	public Order getOrder(Order order) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
		if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
//	System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return o;
	}
	
	public List<Order> getOrderList() {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	}
	
	/**
	 * z主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
	 * @param order
	 */
	public void delOrder(Order order) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
		for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
			session.delete(oi);
		}
		session.delete(order2);
//		session.delete(order);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
}

DemoDaoTest.java：

package com.LHJ.three.dao;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.LHJ.three.entity.Order;
import com.LHJ.three.entity.OrderItem;

public class DemoDaoTest {
	private DemoDao demoDao = new DemoDao();

	@Test
	public void testAddOrder() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderNo("LHJ");
		for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
			OrderItem oi = new OrderItem();
			oi.setProductId(10+i);
			oi.setQuantity(20+i);
//			demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);
			order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
			oi.setOrder(order);
		}
		demoDao.addOrder(order);
	}

	@Test
	public void testAddOrderItem() {
		OrderItem oi = new OrderItem();
		oi.setProductId(66);
		oi.setQuantity(66);
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderId(11);
		oi.setOrder(order);
		demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);
	}

	@Test
	public void testGetOrder() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderId(11);
		order.setInitChildren(1);
		Order o = demoDao.getOrder(order);
		//failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: 
		//com.LHJ.three.entity.Order.orderItems, could not initialize proxy - no Session
		System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
		System.out.println(o.getOrderItems().size());
	}

	@Test
	public void testGetOrderList() {
		List<Order> orderList = demoDao.getOrderList();
		for (Order order: orderList) {
			System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
	//		System.out.println(order.getOrderItems().size());
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testDelOrder() {
		Order order = new Order();
		order.setOrderId(11);
		this.demoDao.delOrder(order);
	}

}

然后两个实体类：
Order.java：

package com.LHJ.three.entity;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Order {
 
	private Integer orderId;
	private String  orderNo;
	private List<OrderItem> orderItems =new ArrayList<OrderItem>();
	private Integer initChildren = 0;//0代表默认懒加载，1代表强制加载
	
	public Integer getInitChildren() {
		return initChildren;
	}
	public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
		this.initChildren = initChildren;
	}
	public Integer getOrderId() {
		return orderId;
	}
	public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
		this.orderId = orderId;
	}
	public String getOrderNo() {
		return orderNo;
	}
	public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
		this.orderNo = orderNo;
	}
	public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
		return orderItems;
	}
	public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
		this.orderItems = orderItems;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + ", orderItems=" + orderItems + "]";
	}
	
	
}

OrderItem.java：

package com.LHJ.three.entity;

public class OrderItem {

	private Integer orderItemId;
	private Integer productId;
	private Integer quantity;
	private Integer oid;
	private Order order;
	public Integer getOrderItemId() {
		return orderItemId;
	}
	public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
		this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
	}
	public Integer getProductId() {
		return productId;
	}
	public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
		this.productId = productId;
	}
	public Integer getQuantity() {
		return quantity;
	}
	public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
		this.quantity = quantity;
	}
	public Integer getOid() {
		return oid;
	}
	public void setOid(Integer oid) {
		this.oid = oid;
	}
	public Order getOrder() {
		return order;
	}
	public void setOrder(Order order) {
		this.order = order;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity
				+ ", oid=" + oid + ", order=" + order + "]";
	}
	
}

然后对应的两个映射文件：
Order.hbm.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.LHJ.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
		<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
		</property>
		<!-- 
		bag标签:
		name:当前要映射的类的关联属性
		cascade:维护关联关系
		inverse:决定由谁来维护关联关系
		
		key标签:
		column:表的外键对应的列段
		
		one-to-many:
		class:关联属性对应的类的全路径名
		 -->
		<bag name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
		<key column="oid"></key>
		<one-to-many class="com.LHJ.three.entity.OrderItem"/>
		</bag>
	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

OrderItem.hbm.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.LHJ.three.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
		<id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
		</property>
		<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
		</property>
		<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
		</property>
		<!-- 
		many-to-one:多对一的配置(因为多个订单项对应一个订单)
		name:指的是当前所要映射的类com.LHJ.three.entity.OrderItem的关联属性order
		class:指的是关联属性的类别(全路径名)
		column:这里填的是外键
		 -->
		<many-to-one name="order" class="com.LHJ.three.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

然后在主配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml中配置：


因为在OrderItem.hbm.xml中有两个对oid进行了维护 所以我们需要放弃一个

然后解决？

加入箭头所指的代码就行了。

增加测试：

结果：

增加订单项：

结果：

懒加载：

会出现错误：

有两种解决方案：
第一种：
在bag标签里面添加箭头所指代码就行了

结果：

这样子虽然能处理问题 但是对性能影响很不好 因为它有多少条数据 sql语句就会执行多少条+1。 所以不推荐使用

第二种：
在order实体类中写一个属性 并给它提供set get方法：

更改dao方法：

然后在测试方法中加入这行代码：

结果：

测试删除：

结果：