坐标
<properties>
<!-- 其他配置... -->
<spring.version>4.3.13.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
步骤
- dispatcherServlet 前端控制器创建
- 加载springmvc配置文件
- controller.class加载并创建对象进入ioc容器
- 视图解析器internalResourceViewResolver.class被加载创建对象进入ioc容器
web.xml:
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--加载配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--在服务器开始时创建-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
springmvc.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描 @Controller注解所在的对象被创建 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.company"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--在该路径下的.jsp文件会在浏览器中显示出来-->
<!--表示文件目录-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<!--表示文件后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!-- 开启注解 @RequestMapping标记的方法也可以生效 -->
<!--这个配置同时配置使处理器映射器和处理器适配器,再加上视图解析器,3大组件都配置完毕-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
Conctroller.java:
package com.company.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class controller {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String sayHello(){
System.out.println("Hello World!");
return "success";
}
}
index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>入门案例</h3>
<a href="hello">入门程序</a>
</body>
</html>
WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>入门成功</h2>
</body>
</html>
注解介绍
@RequestMapping
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Mapping
public @interface RequestMapping {
String name() default "";
@AliasFor("path")
String[] value() default {};
@AliasFor("value")
String[] path() default {};
RequestMethod[] method() default {};
String[] params() default {};
String[] headers() default {};
String[] consumes() default {};
String[] produces() default {};
}
- 可以在类和方法上使用,类中的path/方法上的path 共同形成路径
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class controller {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String sayHello(){
System.out.println("Hello World!");
return "success";
}
}
同时,index.jsp中的超链接href需要改为 href=“user/hello” 才能再次访问到。
- value 和 path 是可以相互替换的
- method属性,表示方法可以接收哪些请求类型的, 默认值目前我还测不出来 网上说RequestMethod.GET,RequestMethod.POST,RequestMethod.PUT,RequestMethod.DELETE都可以访问到,可以的取值:
public enum RequestMethod {
GET,
HEAD,
POST,
PUT,
PATCH,
DELETE,
OPTIONS,
TRACE;
private RequestMethod() {
}
}
params用于指定属性 请求的属性值必须和 params值一致才能访问 ,params也可以是params=“username=haha”,此时必href="user/hello?username=haha"
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",params = "username")
public String sayHello(){
System.out.println("Hello World!");
return "success";
}
<a href="user/hello?username=haha" >入门程序</a>
- headers属性 发送的请求头必须含有headers属性中的值
比如headers = “Accept”
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",headers = "Accept")
public String sayHello(){
System.out.println("Hello World!");
return "success";
}
请求参数绑定
基本数据类型 String javaBean 集合list/map
自动把请求封装到方法参数内
<a href="user/request?username=haha&password=123" >入门程序</a>
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class controller {
@RequestMapping(value = "/request")
public String say(String username,String password){
System.out.println(username+":"+password);
return "success";
}
}
//后台打印: hehe:123
javaBean: 属性和get,set方法
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
private A a;
private String username;
private String password;
public A getA() {
return a;
}
public void setA(A a) {
this.a = a;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"a=" + a +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
import java.io.Serializable;
public class A implements Serializable {
private Integer cnt;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "A{" +
"cnt=" + cnt +
'}';
}
public Integer getCnt() {
return cnt;
}
public void setCnt(Integer cnt) {
this.cnt = cnt;
}
}
提交表单
<form action="user/save" method="post">
姓名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
密码:<input type="text" name="password"/><br/>
数字:<input type="text" name="a.cnt"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
方法:
@RequestMapping(value = "/save")
public String save(User u){
System.out.println(u);
return "success";
}
如果是参数对象类型,直接写属性,但是对象里面还要自定义类型,就要写 a.cnt 对象变量名.对象属性
中文乱码解决:在web.xml配置:
<!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
<!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
集合的封装
简单演示,之后再研究
list:<input type="text" name="list[0]"/><br/>
map:<input type="text" name="map['one']"/><br/>
list<String> list ;Map<String,String> map
list的0位置存数据,在map中创一个key为one,把数据赋给对应的value值
获取原生api
直接在参数中写入
@RequestMapping(value = "/get")
public String get(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
System.out.println(request);
System.out.println(response);
return "success";
}
<a href="user/get" >原生api</a>
常用注解
@RequestParam value/name属性写前端中的name标签,参数名就不需要和标签一致了
required属性 boolean类型 ,表示必须传这个属性 ,必须有"username=…"
@RequestMapping(value = "/request")
public String say(String username,String password){
System.out.println(username+":"+password);
return "success";
}
/*------------------------------------*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/request")
public String say(@RequestParam("username") String name, String password){
System.out.println(username+":"+password);
return "success";
}
@RequestBody 获得请求体所有的k-v
在参数上使用
不适合get请求
返回一个“k1=v1&k2=v2…”的字符串
required属性 boolean,表示是否必须有请求体,为false时对get请求返回null,为true时get请求报错
@PathVariable restful风格,可以获取{id}中的id值
/{id}要和注解名字一致"id" 例如 /{name}- - -@PathVariable(“name”)
@RequestMapping(value = "/get/{id}")
public String get(@PathVariable("id")String id){
System.out.println(id);
return "success";
}
@requestHeader 获取请求头信息
@RequestMapping(value = "/header")
public String getHeader(@RequestHeader("Accept") String header){
System.out.println(header);
return "success";
}
@CookieValue 获取cookie值
@RequestMapping(value = "/cookie")
public String getHeader(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookie){
System.out.println(cookie);
return "success";
}
@ModelAttribute 用于方法上和参数上
放在方法上会优先于其他方法执行
参数上会获得map中的值,如下,输出 10
@ModelAttribute
public void p(Map<String,Integer> map){
System.out.println("hahahah");
int a=10;
map.put("abc",a);
}
@RequestMapping("model")
public void put(@ModelAttribute("abc") int s){
System.out.println(s);
}
@SessionAttribute 将request域中的值存入session
@RequestMapping("session")
public String setSession(Model model){
//使用model 存到request域中
model.addAttribute("123","456");
return "success";
}
在类名上写@SessionAttribute(“123”) 就会存到session域中