python抓取免费ip存入redis

前言        

网络爬虫在运行过程中并不顺利，总是会遇到各种各样的问题，如fan爬虫策略，它会试图阻止网络爬虫的运行，限制我们的的ip，所以说我们先需要在请求的时候加上代理ip，避免真实ip被封禁。在某代理批量抓取ip为我们搭建ip代理池做基础。

代理ip种类

1.透明代理：如果你使用了该形式的代理，服务器端知道你使用了代理机制也知道你的真实ip。

2.匿名代理：知道你使用了代理，但是不知道你的真实ip。

3.高匿代理：不知道你使用了代理，也不知道你的真实ip。

代理的类型

1.http：转发http的请求

2.https：代理只能转发https协议的请求

定义爬虫类

class ProxyPool(object):
    databases_map = db_map

    def __init__(self, start, end):
        # url列表
        self.url_list = ['https://free.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/' + str(i) for i in range(start, end)]
        # 设置请求头
        self.headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'}
        # 连接redis
        self.__r = redis.Redis(host='127.0.0.1', port=6379, decode_responses=True, charset='utf-8', encoding='utf-8')

解析数据

 def get_html(self, url):
        response = requests.get(url=url, headers=self.headers).text
        return response

 def parse(self, html):
        tree = etree.HTML(html)
        # ip地址
        ip = tree.xpath('//*[@id="list"]/table/tbody/tr/td[1]/text()')
        # 端口号
        port = tree.xpath('//*[@id="list"]/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/text()')

        for ips, ports in zip(ip, port):
            # 完整代理ip
            http_proxy_url = 'http' + '://' + ips + ':' + ports
            self.save(http_proxy_url, 'http')

保存至redis

    def save(self, proxy, protocol):
        try:
            self.__r.lpush(self.databases_map.get(protocol, None), proxy)
        except Exception as e:
            print('出错了:', e)
        print('保存成功', proxy)

main方法设置多线程爬取

    def main(self):
        for url in self.url_list:
            html = self.get_html(url)
            self.parse(html)
        t_list = []
        for i in range(10):
            run = ProxyPool(1, 10)
            t_list.append(run)

        thread_list = []
        for i in t_list:
            t = Thread(target=i.main, args=())
            thread_list.append(t)

        for t in thread_list:
            t.start()

        for t in thread_list:
            t.join()

完整代码

import redis
import requests
from lxml import etree
from threading import Thread

db_map = {
    "http": "proxies:http:v1",
    "https": "proxies:https:v1"
}

class ProxyPool(object):
    databases_map = db_map

    def __init__(self, start, end):
        self.url_list = ['https://xxxxxxxx' + str(i) for i in range(start, end)]
        self.headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'}
        self.__r = redis.Redis(host='127.0.0.1', port=6379, decode_responses=True, charset='utf-8', encoding='utf-8')

    def get_html(self, url):
        response = requests.get(url=url, headers=self.headers).text
        return response

    def parse(self, html):
        tree = etree.HTML(html)
        # ip地址
        ip = tree.xpath('//*[@id="list"]/table/tbody/tr/td[1]/text()')
        # 端口号
        port = tree.xpath('//*[@id="list"]/table/tbody/tr/td[2]/text()')

        for ips, ports in zip(ip, port):
            # 完整代理ip
            http_proxy_url = 'http' + '://' + ips + ':' + ports
            self.save(http_proxy_url, 'http')

    def save(self, proxy, protocol):
        try:
            self.__r.lpush(self.databases_map.get(protocol, None), proxy)
        except Exception as e:
            print('出错了:', e)
        print('保存成功', proxy)

    def main(self):
        for url in self.url_list:
            html = self.get_html(url)
            self.parse(html)

        t_list = []
        for i in range(10):
            run = ProxyPool(1, 10)
            t_list.append(run)

        thread_list = []
        for i in t_list:
            t = Thread(target=i.main, args=())
            thread_list.append(t)

        for t in thread_list:
            t.start()

        for t in thread_list:
            t.join()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run = ProxyPool(1, 10)
    run.main()

免费的ip似乎不是很稳定，果然好的东西都是花钱买的