目录
序列化相关概念
什么是序列化与反序列化
- 序列化:就是把内存中的对象,转换成字节序列(或其他数据传输协议)以便于存储(持久化)和网络传输。
- 反序列化:就是将收到字节序列(或其他数据传输协议)或者是硬盘的持久化数据,转换成内存中的对象。
序列化的目的
一般来说,“活的”对象只生存在内存里,关机断电就没有了。而且“活的”对象只能由本地的进程使用,不能被发送到网络上的另外一台计算机。 然而序列化可以存储“活的”对象,可以将“活的”对象发送到远程计算机。
Hadoop序列化的特点
- 紧凑:高效使用存储空间
- 快速:读写数据的额外开销小
- 可扩展:随着通信协议的升级而可升级
- 互操作:支持多语言的互交
常用数据序列化类型
Java类型 | Hadoop Writable类型 |
---|---|
boolean | BooleanWritable |
byte | ByteWritable |
int | IntWritable |
float | FloatWritable |
long | LongWritable |
double | DoubleWritable |
String | Text |
map | MapWritable |
array | ArrayWritable |
定义序列化接口Bean
基本步骤
// 1 实现writable接口
public class FlowBean implements Writable {
private long upFlow;
private long downFlow;
private long sumFlow;
//2 反序列化时,需要反射调用空参构造函数,所以必须有
public FlowBean() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return upFlow + "\t" + downFlow + "\t" + sumFlow;
}
public void set(long upFlow, long downFlow) {
this.upFlow = upFlow;
this.downFlow = downFlow;
this.sumFlow = upFlow + downFlow;
}
public long getUpFlow() {
return upFlow;
}
public void setUpFlow(long upFlow) {
this.upFlow = upFlow;
}
public long getDownFlow() {
return downFlow;
}
public void setDownFlow(long downFlow) {
this.downFlow = downFlow;
}
public long getSumFlow() {
return sumFlow;
}
public void setSumFlow(long sumFlow) {
this.sumFlow = sumFlow;
}
//3 重写序列化方法
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeLong(upFlow);
out.writeLong(downFlow);
out.writeLong(sumFlow);
}
//4 重写反序列化方法 !!!反序列化方法读顺序必须和写序列化方法的写顺序必须一致
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
upFlow = in.readLong();
downFlow = in.readLong();
sumFlow = in.readLong();
}
**!!!**要想把结果显示在文件中,需要重写toString(),可用”\t”分开,方便后续用。
public String toString() {
return upFlow + "\t" + downFlow + "\t" + sumFlow;
}
如果需要将自定义的bean放在key中传输,则还需要实现Comparable接口,因为MapReduce框中的Shuffle过程要求对key必须能排序
@Override
public int compareTo(FlowBean o) {
// 倒序排列,从大到小
return this.sumFlow > o.getSumFlow() ? -1 : 1;
}
序列化实例
解决的问题
以最基础的电话流量统计为例
数据信息:
手机号码 网络IP 上行流量 下行流量 网络状态
13736230513 192.196.100.1 www.isea.com 2481 24681 200
13846544121 192.196.100.2 264 0 200
13956435636 192.196.100.3 132 1512 200
13966251146 192.168.100.1 240 0 404
18271575951 192.168.100.2 www.isea.com 1527 2106 200
11184188413 192.168.100.3 www.isea.com 4116 1432 200
13590439668 192.168.100.4 1116 954 200
15910133277 192.168.100.5 www.hao123.com 3156 2936 200
13729199489 192.168.100.6 240 0 200
13630577991 192.168.100.7 www.shouhu.com 6960 690 200
15043685818 192.168.100.8 www.baidu.com 3659 3538 200
15959002129 192.168.100.9 www.isea.com 1938 180 500
15043685818 192.168.2.8 www.baidu.com 3659 3538 200
15959002129 192.168.2.9 www.hao123.com 1938 180 500
13560439638 192.168.2.10 918 4938 200
13470253144 192.168.2.11 180 180 200
13682846555 192.168.2.12 www.qq.com 1938 2910 200
13992314666 192.168.2.13 www.gaga.com 3008 3720 200
13509468723 192.168.2.14 www.qinghua.com 7335 110349 404
18390173782 192.168.2.15 www.sogou.com 9531 2412 200
13975057813 192.168.2.16 www.baidu.com 11058 48243 200
13768778790 192.168.2.17 120 120 200
13568436656 192.168.2.18 www.alibaba.com 2481 24681 200
13568436656 192.168.2.19 1116 954 200
15043685818 192.168.100.8 www.baidu.com 3659 3538 200
15959002129 192.168.100.9 www.isea.com 1938 180 500
13560439638 192.168.100.10 918 4938 200
13470253144 192.168.100.11 180 180 200
13682846555 192.168.100.12 www.qq.com 1938 2910 200
13992314666 192.168.100.13 www.gaga.com 3008 3720 200
13509468723 192.168.100.14 www.qinghua.com 7335 110349 404
18390173782 192.168.100.15 www.sogou.com 9531 2412 200
13975057813 192.168.100.16 www.baidu.com 11058 48243 200
解决问题:
求上行流量与下行流量的相加和
例如:
输入为:13736230513 192.196.100.1 www.isea.com 2481 24681 200
输出为:13736230513 2481 24681 (2481 + 24681 =) 27162
Map和Reduce分析
Map阶段
- 对数据进行分析并切分字段
输入为:13736230513 192.196.100.1 www.isea.com 2481 24681
- 经过map处理后的数据并抽取其中电话号码,上行流量和下行流量的信息,如下:
13736230513 2481 24681
!!!必须实现序列化接口才能使Bean对象进行传输
- 再以手机号为key,Bean为value对象
Reduce阶段
- 对上行流量和下行流量的相加实现
13736230513 2481 24681 (2481 + 24681 =) 27162
编写实例
添加log文件
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/spring.log
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
编写Bean对象
/**
* @author 公羽
* @time : 2020/10/29 9:33
* @File : FlowBean.java
*/
package serialization;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;
import java.io.DataInput;
import java.io.DataOutput;
import java.io.IOException;
// 1 实现writable接口
public class FlowBean implements Writable {
private long upFlow;
private long downFlow;
private long sumFlow;
//2 反序列化时,需要反射调用空参构造函数
public FlowBean() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return upFlow + "\t" + downFlow + "\t" + sumFlow;
}
public void set(long upFlow, long downFlow) {
this.upFlow = upFlow;
this.downFlow = downFlow;
this.sumFlow = upFlow + downFlow;
}
public long getUpFlow() {
return upFlow;
}
public void setUpFlow(long upFlow) {
this.upFlow = upFlow;
}
public long getDownFlow() {
return downFlow;
}
public void setDownFlow(long downFlow) {
this.downFlow = downFlow;
}
public long getSumFlow() {
return sumFlow;
}
public void setSumFlow(long sumFlow) {
this.sumFlow = sumFlow;
}
//3 写序列化方法
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeLong(upFlow);
out.writeLong(downFlow);
out.writeLong(sumFlow);
}
//4 重写反序列化方法 !!!反序列化方法读顺序必须和写序列化方法的写顺序必须一致
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
upFlow = in.readLong();
downFlow = in.readLong();
sumFlow = in.readLong();
}
}
编写Mapper类
package serialization;
/**
* @author 公羽
* @time : 2020/10/29 20:21
* @File : Mapper.java
*/
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import java.io.IOException;
class FlowMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, FlowBean> {
private Text phone = new Text();
private FlowBean flow = new FlowBean();
@Override
protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
String[] fields = value.toString().split("\t");
phone.set(fields[0]);
long upFlow = Long.parseLong(fields[fields.length - 3]);
long downFlow = Long.parseLong(fields[fields.length - 2]);
flow.set(upFlow,downFlow);
context.write(phone, flow);
}
}
编写Reduce类
package serialization;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
/**
* @author 公羽
* @time : 2020/10/29 20:24
* @File : Reducer.java
*/
class FlowReducer extends Reducer<Text, FlowBean, Text, FlowBean> {
private FlowBean sunFlow = new FlowBean();
@Override
protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<FlowBean> values, Context context)throws IOException, InterruptedException {
long sum_upFlow = 0;
long sum_downFlow = 0;
// 1 遍历所用bean,将其中的上行流量,下行流量分别累加
for (FlowBean value : values) {
sum_upFlow += value.getUpFlow();
sum_downFlow += value.getDownFlow();
}
// 2 封装对象
sunFlow.set(sum_upFlow, sum_downFlow);
// 3 写出
context.write(key, sunFlow);
}
}
编写Driver驱动类
package serialization;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
/**
* @author 公羽
* @time : 2020/10/29 20:32
* @File : Driver.java
*/
public class Driver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
// 1 获取job实例
Job job = Job.getInstance(new Configuration());
// 2.设置类路径
job.setJarByClass(Driver.class);
// 3 指定本业务job要使用的mapper/Reducer业务类
job.setMapperClass(FlowMapper.class);
job.setReducerClass(FlowReducer.class);
// 4 指定mapper输出数据的kv类型
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(FlowBean.class);
// 5 指定最终输出的数据的kv类型
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(FlowBean.class);
// 6 指定job的输入原始文件所在目录
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
// 7 将job中配置的相关参数,以及job所用的java类所在的jar包, 提交给yarn去运行
boolean result = job.waitForCompletion(true);
System.exit(result ? 0 : 1);
}
}
其中的程序参数设置如下
执行Driver
log文件问题
若不添加log文件将无法输出详细的信息
没添加log文件
添加log文件后