反射实现对象的创建

1，什么事反射？

反射： Java的反射（reflection）机制是指在程序的运行状态中，可以构造任意一个类的对象，可以了解任意一个对象所属的类，可以了解任意一个类的成员变量和方法，可以调用任意一个对象的属性和方法。这种动态获取程序信息以及动态调用对象的功能称为Java语言的反射机制。反射被视为动态语言的关键 —百度百科

注意：反射是jdk1.5加入的性特性

2，准备

User.java

package com.qijian.reflect;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
    public String name;
    public Integer id;
}

Student.java

package com.qijian.reflect;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Integer id;
    @Transactional
    public String show(String str){
        System.out.println("我最帅！！！");
        return str;
    }
}

pom.xml

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.20</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

3，利用反射来创建对象

    @Test
    public void testReflect() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class<?> aclass = Class.forName("com.qijian.reflect.User");
        //通过无参构造函数构造对象
        User user = (User)aclass.newInstance();
        System.out.println(user.toString());

        //通过有参构造函数创建对象
        Constructor<?> constructor= aclass.getConstructor(String.class,Integer.class);
        User user1 = (User) constructor.newInstance("qijian",20182206);
        System.out.println(user1.toString());

        //值得注意的是此处的User类的属性的public
        User user2 = (User) aclass.newInstance();
        Field userId = aclass.getDeclaredField("id");
        userId.set(user2,20182206);
        Field username = aclass.getDeclaredField("name");
        username.set(user2,"qijian");
        System.out.println(user2.toString());

        //此处的student类的属性都是私有的
        Class<?> sclass = Class.forName("com.qijian.reflect.Student");
        Student student = (Student) sclass.newInstance();
        Field sid = sclass.getDeclaredField("id");
        sid.setAccessible(true);//若没有这个设置将不能对该属性进行设置
        sid.set(student,20182206);
        Field sname = sclass.getDeclaredField("name");
        sname.setAccessible(true);
        sname.set(student,"qijian");
        System.out.println(student.toString());
    }

4，使用反射的机制给调用方法

    @Test//使用反射的机制调用方法
    public void test2() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
        Class<?> sclass = Class.forName("com.qijian.reflect.Student");
        Student student = (Student) sclass.newInstance();
        Method show = sclass.getDeclaredMethod("show",String.class);
        show.invoke(student,"666");
    }

5，利用反射机制查看方法是否有注解

    @Test//利用反射机制查看方法是否有注解
    public void test3() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
        Class<?> sclass = Class.forName("com.qijian.reflect.Student");
        Method show = sclass.getDeclaredMethod("show",String.class);
        Transactional declaredAnnotation = show.getDeclaredAnnotation(Transactional.class);
        System.out.println(declaredAnnotation);
    }