1、列表分片
切片的通用写法是 start : stop : step
情况 1 - “start :”
以 step 为 1 (默认) 从编号 start 往列表尾部切片。
week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
print(week[3:]) # ['Thursday', 'Friday']
print(week[-3:]) # ['Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
情况 2 - “: stop”
以 step 为 1 (默认) 从列表头部往编号 stop 切片。
week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
print(week[:3]) # ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday']
print(week[:-3]) # ['Monday', 'Tuesday']
情况 3 - “start : stop”
以 step 为 1 (默认) 从编号 start 往编号 stop 切片。
week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
print(week[1:3]) # ['Tuesday', 'Wednesday']
print(week[-3:-1]) # ['Wednesday', 'Thursday']
情况 4 - “start : stop : step”
以具体的 step 从编号 start 往编号 stop 切片。注意最后把 step 设为 -1,相当于将列表反向排列。
week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
print(week[1:4:2])
# ['Tuesday', 'Thursday']
print(week[:4:2])
# ['Monday', 'Wednesday']
print(week[1::2])
# ['Tuesday', 'Thursday']
print(week[::-1])
# ['Friday', 'Thursday', 'Wednesday', 'Tuesday', 'Monday']
拷贝
week = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
print(week[:])
# week的拷贝 ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
list1 = [123, 456, 789, 213]
list2 = list1
list3 = list1[:]
print(list2) # [123, 456, 789, 213]
print(list3) # [123, 456, 789, 213]
list1.sort()
print(list2) # [123, 213, 456, 789]
print(list3) # [123, 456, 789, 213]
列表的常用操作符
比较操作符
逻辑操作符
连接操作符 +
重复操作符 *
成员关系操作符 in、not in
list1 = [123, 456]
list2 = [234, 123]
print(list1 > list2) # False
list3 = [123, 456]
print((list1 < list2) and (list1 == list3)) # True
list4 = list1 + list2 # extend()
print(list4) # [123, 456, 234, 123]
list5 = list3 * 3
print(list5) # [123, 456, 123, 456, 123, 456]
list3 *= 3
print(list3) # [123, 456, 123, 456, 123, 456]
print(123 in list3) # True
print(456 not in list3) # False
前面三种方法(append, extend, insert)可对列表增加元素,它们没有返回值,是直接修改了原数据对象。
将两个list相加,需要创建新的 list 对象,从而需要消耗额外的内存,特别是当 list 较大时,尽量不要使用 “+” 来添加list。
列表的其它方法
count(obj)方法:统计某个元素在列表中出现的次数
list1 = [123, 456] * 3
print(list1) # [123, 456, 123, 456, 123, 456]
num = list1.count(123)
print(num) # 3
list1 = [123, 456] * 5
print(list1.index(123)) # 0
print(list1.index(123, 1)) # 2
print(list1.index(123, 3, 7)) # 4
reverse()方法:反向列表中元素
reverse()方法:反向列表中元素