网络编程入门
网络编程三要素
- IP地址,网络中设备的唯一标识,为了方便我们对IP地址的获取和操作,Java提供了一个类InetAddress供我们使用
InetAddress:此类表示Internet协议(IP)地址 - 端口,设备上应用程序的唯一标识。端口号:用两个字节表示的整数,它的取值范围是0-65535。其中0-1223之间的端口号用于一些知名的网络服务和应用,普通的应用程序 需要使用1024以上的端口号。如果端口号被另外一个服务或应用所占用,会导致当前应用程序启动失败
- 协议,TCP/UDP。计算机网络中通信的规则被称为网络协议。UDP,面向非连接的通信协议,可以用于音频,视频,普通数据的传输。TCP,面向连接的通信协议,三次握手:
- 客户端主动打开连接,服务器端被动打开连接进入LISTEN状态,第一次握手,客户端向服务端发送连接请求,进入SYN-SENT状态等待服务端确认。
- 第二次握手,服务器端向客户端发送一个响应,进入SYN-RCVD状态通知客户端收到了请求。
- 第三次握手,客户端向服务端发送确认信息,进入ESTABLISHED状态,客户端收到确认信息后也进入ESTABLISHED状态,连接建立。TCP协议可以保证传输数据的安全,广泛应用于上传下载文件,浏览网页。
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
String name = address.getHostName();
String ip = address.getHostAddress();
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println(ip);
}
方法名 | 说明 |
---|---|
static InetAddress getByNames(String host) | 确定主机名称的IP地址。主机名称可以是机器名称,也可以是IP地址 |
String getHostName() | 返回此IP地址的主机名 |
String getHostAddress() | 返回文本显示中的IP地址字符串 |
UDP通信程序
UDP是一种不可靠的网络协议,它在通信的两端各建立一个Socket对象,但是这两个Socket只是发送,接收数据的对象,因此对于基于UDP协议的通信双方而言,没有所谓的客户端和服务器的概念,Java提供了DatagramSocket类作为基于UDP协议的Socket
UDP发送数据的步骤
- 创建发送端的Socket对象(DatagramSocket)
- 创建数据,并把数据打包
- 调用DatagramSocket对象的方法发送数据
- 关闭发送端
/*发送端*/
public class Sender {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//创建发送端的Socket对象(DatagramSocket)
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
//创建数据,并把数据打包
byte[] arr = "hello".getBytes();
//public DatagramPacket(byte buf[], int length,InetAddress address, int port)
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(arr,arr.length, InetAddress.getByName("192.168.6.219"),10086);
//调用DatagramSocket对象的方法发送数据
datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
//关闭发送端
datagramSocket.close();
}
}
UDP接收数据的步骤
- 创建接收端的Socket对象(DatagramSocket)
- 创建数据包,用于接收数据
- 调用DatagramSocket对象的方法接收数据
- 解析数据包,并处理
- 关闭发送端
/*接收端*/
public class Receiver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//创建接收端的Socket对象(DatagramSocket)
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(10086);
//创建数据包,用于接收数据
byte[] rcvArray = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(rcvArray,rcvArray.length);
//调用DatagramSocket对象的方法接收数据
datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
//解析数据包,并处理
//数据缓冲区数组
byte[] rcvdArray = datagramPacket.getData();
//数据长度
int len = datagramPacket.getLength();
String s = new String(rcvdArray,0,len);
System.out.println(s);
//关闭发送端
datagramSocket.close();
}
}
UDP通信程序练习
/*发送消息*/
public static void sent() throws IOException {
//创建DatagramSocket对象
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
//封装从键盘读取的数据
String line;
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
//读取到#字符就结束读取
if (line.equals("#")) {
break;
} else {
//创建数据并打包
byte[] sentArray = line.getBytes();
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(sentArray, sentArray.length, InetAddress.getByName("192.168.6.219"), 12345);
//发送数据
datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
}
}
//关闭发送端
datagramSocket.close();
}
/*接收消息*/
public static void receive() throws IOException {
//DatagramSocket创建对象
DatagramSocket datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(12345);
//创建数据包,用于接收对象
byte[] rcvArray = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(rcvArray, rcvArray.length);
//接收数据
while (true) {
datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
//解析数据包,处理数据
byte[] data = datagramPacket.getData();
int length = datagramPacket.getLength();
String s = new String(data, 0, length);
System.out.println("来自对方的消息:" + s);
}
}
TCP通信程序
TCP发送数据
发送数据的步骤
- 创建客户端的Socket对象(Socket)
- 获取输出流,写数据
- 释放资源
TCP接收数据
接收数据的步骤
- 创建服务端Socket对象(ServerSocket)
- 监听客户端连接,得到一个Socket对象,
serverSocket.accept()
- 获取输入流,读数据,处理数据
- 释放资源
TCP通信程序联系1(服务器给出反馈)
/*客户端发送数据,并接收反馈*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket("192.168.6.219",10000);
if (sent(socket)){
waitFeedback(socket);
}
socket.close();
}
private static boolean sent(Socket socket) throws IOException{
//获取输出流
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
//写数据
outputStream.write("来自客户端的消息:hello,are you ready?".getBytes());
return true;
}
private static void waitFeedback(Socket socket) throws IOException{
//获取输入流,接收反馈
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] rcvFeedbackArray = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(rcvFeedbackArray)) != -1){
System.out.println(new String(rcvFeedbackArray,0,len));
}
}
}
/*服务器收到信息,给出反馈*/
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(10000);
Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
if (receive(accept)){
feedback(accept);
}
accept.close();
}
private static void feedback(Socket accept) throws IOException{
//获取输出流,发送反馈
OutputStream outputStream = accept.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("来自服务器的回复:yeah,I am Ok".getBytes());
}
private static boolean receive(Socket accept) throws IOException{
//获取输入流
InputStream inputStream = accept.getInputStream();
byte[] rcvMessageArray = new byte[1024];
int len = inputStream.read(rcvMessageArray);
System.out.println(new String(rcvMessageArray,0,len));
return true;
}
}
TCP通信程序联系2(客户端数据来自键盘录入)
public class Sent {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//创建Socket对象
Socket socket = new Socket("192.168.6.219",12345);
//将键盘录入的数据封装
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
//封装字符输出流,获取输出流
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
//如果读取到#就结束
if (line.equals("#")){
break;
}else {
//发送数据
bufferedWriter.write(line);
//写一个换行符
bufferedWriter.newLine();
//刷新缓冲区数据到输出流
bufferedWriter.flush();
}
}
//释放资源
socket.close();
}
}
public class Receive {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);
Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
//封装输入流
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(accept.getInputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
System.out.println(line);
}
}
}
TCP通信程序联系3(服务器数据写入文本文件)
public class Receive {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);
Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
//封装输入流
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(accept.getInputStream()));
//封装输出流
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("D:\\IODemo\\tcp.txt"));
String line;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
//将读取到的每行数据按行写入文本文件
bufferedWriter.write(line);
bufferedWriter.newLine();
bufferedWriter.flush();
}
bufferedWriter.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
TCP通信程序联系4(客户端数据来自文本文件)
public class Sent {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//创建Socket对象
Socket socket = new Socket("192.168.6.219",12345);
//将键盘录入的数据封装
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("D:\\IODemo\\hi.txt"));
//封装字符输出流,获取输出流
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
//如果读取到#就结束
if (line.equals("#")){
break;
}else {
//发送数据
bufferedWriter.write(line);
//写一个换行符
bufferedWriter.newLine();
//刷新缓冲区数据到输出流
bufferedWriter.flush();
}
}
//释放资源
bufferedReader.close();
socket.close();
}
}
TCP通信程序联系5(文件上传服务器给出反馈)
public class Receive {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);
Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
//封装输入流
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(accept.getInputStream()));
//封装输出流
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("D:\\IODemo\\tcp.txt"));
String line ;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){//等待读取数据
//将读取到的每行数据按行写入文本文件
bufferedWriter.write(line);
bufferedWriter.newLine();
bufferedWriter.flush();
}
//给出反馈
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter1 = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(accept.getOutputStream()));
bufferedWriter1.write("来自服务器的反馈:文件上传成功");
bufferedWriter1.newLine();
bufferedWriter1.flush();
bufferedWriter.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
public class Sent {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//创建Socket对象
Socket socket = new Socket("192.168.6.219",12345);
//将键盘录入的数据封装
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("D:\\IODemo\\hi.txt"));
//封装字符输出流,获取输出流
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
String line;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
//如果读取到#就结束
if (line.equals("#")){
break;
}else {
//发送数据
bufferedWriter.write(line);
//写一个换行符
bufferedWriter.newLine();
//刷新缓冲区数据到输出流
bufferedWriter.flush();
}
}
//关闭输出流
socket.shutdownOutput();
//接收反馈
BufferedReader bufferedReader1 = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
String s = bufferedReader1.readLine();//等待读取数据
System.out.println(s);
//释放资源
bufferedReader.close();
socket.close();
}
}
TCP通信程序联系6(多线程实现文件上传)
public class RunnableImpl implements Runnable {
private Socket socket;
public RunnableImpl(Socket socket) {
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//封装输入流
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
//封装输出流
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
int count = 0;
File file = new File("D:\\IODemo\\tcp["+count+"].txt");
while (file.exists()){
count++;
file = new File("D:\\IODemo\\tcp["+count+"].txt");
}
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file));
String line ;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){//等待读取数据
//将读取到的每行数据按行写入文本文件
bufferedWriter.write(line);
bufferedWriter.newLine();
bufferedWriter.flush();
}
//给出反馈
BufferedWriter bufferedWriter1 = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
bufferedWriter1.write("来自服务器的反馈:文件上传成功");
bufferedWriter1.newLine();
bufferedWriter1.flush();
bufferedWriter.close();
socket.close();
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class Receive {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(12345);
while (true){
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
new Thread(new RunnableImpl(socket)).start();
}
}
}