通过 traceroute 和 networkx 构建网络拓扑图

一、通过 traceroute 获取网络中的节点

import os


def exec_command():
    website_list = ["120.78.188.0", "www.baidu.com", "www.csdn.net", "www.bilibili.com", "www.nowcoder.com",
                    "www.leetcode.cn", "www.markji.com", "www.gitee.com", "www.github.com", "www.runoob.com",
                    "www.zhipin.com", "www.gushiwen.cn", "www.youtube.com", "www.twitter.com", "www.stackoverflow.com",
                    "www.paypal.com", "www.cacti.net", "www.wargaming.com", "www.sina.com", "www.caida.org",
                    "www.sohu.com", "www.qq.com", "www.iqiyi.com", "www.zhihu.com", "www.ximalaya.com",
                    "www.taobao.com", "www.qidian.com", "www.tudou.com", "www.youku.com", "www.jd.com"]

    file = open('traceroute.txt', 'w')  # 覆盖写

    index = 1
    for website in website_list:
        command = "traceroute -n -m 9 -q 1 -w 1 " + website  # -n 不显示域名 -m 跳数 -q 探测包的个数 -w 响应等待时间

        file.writelines("[" + str(index) + "] " + command + "\n") # 将命令写入文件
        index = index + 1
        ret = os.popen(command).readlines()  # 调用系统命令并写到内存中
        for i in ret:
            file.writelines(i)  # 把命令输出写到文件中

    file.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    exec_command()

二、使用 networkx 进行绘图

import re

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import networkx as nx


def get_node_and_edge():
    """
    基于 traceroute 结果提取边和节点
    """
    nodes_set = {"127.0.0.1", "192.168.0.1"}  # 节点集合 通过集合自动去重
    edges_list = []  # 边列表
    previous_node = "127.0.0.1"  # 用于记录每次 traceroute 过程中上一次访问的节点

    with open("traceroute.txt", "r") as traceroute:
        for i in range(1, 31):
            print(traceroute.readline(), end="")  # 依次打印每条命令
            for j in range(1, 10):
                line = traceroute.readline()
                ip = re.findall(r"\s\s(.*)\s\s", line)  # 提取 ip 地址
                if len(ip):
                    nodes_set.add(ip[0])  # 添加节点
                    if j == 1:
                        if "127.0.0.1" != ip[0]:
                            node_tuple = ("127.0.0.1", ip[0])
                    else:
                        if previous_node != ip[0]:
                            node_tuple = (previous_node, ip[0])
                    previous_node = ip[0]
                    edges_list.append(node_tuple)  # 添加边

    return edges_list, list(nodes_set)


def draw_network():
    """
    绘制网络拓扑图
    """
    edges_list, nodes_list = get_node_and_edge()

    G = nx.Graph()
    for node in nodes_list:
        G.add_node(node)
    G.add_edges_from(edges_list)
    nx.draw(G, with_labels=True, node_size=25, font_size=5)

    plt.show()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    draw_network()

三、traceroute 部分结果及网络拓扑图

[1] traceroute -n -m 9 -q 1 -w 1 120.78.188.0
 1  192.168.0.1  2.451 ms
 2  192.168.1.1  3.220 ms
 3  10.40.16.1  6.572 ms
 4  218.11.136.57  8.558 ms
 5  61.182.183.185  11.666 ms
 6  61.182.184.169  11.787 ms
 7  112.97.0.202  45.623 ms
 8  157.148.0.166  64.426 ms
 9  211.95.149.242  48.744 ms
[2] traceroute -n -m 9 -q 1 -w 1 www.baidu.com
 1  192.168.0.1  2.847 ms
 2  192.168.1.1  3.399 ms
 3  10.40.16.1  7.472 ms
 4  218.11.136.57  8.126 ms
 5  61.182.184.13  13.335 ms
 6  61.182.184.9  19.884 ms
 7  110.242.66.190  17.743 ms
 8  221.194.45.134  19.138 ms
 9  *
...
...
...
[30] traceroute -n -m 9 -q 1 -w 1 www.jd.com
 1  192.168.0.1  2.769 ms
 2  192.168.1.1  2.875 ms
 3  10.40.16.1  6.300 ms
 4  218.11.171.57  8.563 ms
 5  61.182.184.5  18.292 ms
 6  61.182.184.1  19.421 ms
 7  60.9.12.6  31.128 ms
 8  *
 9  *