hive中的lateral view的解析
用json存储的概率比较大,直接导入hive为基础的数仓系统中,就需要经过ETL过程解析这类数据,explode与lateral view在这种场景下大显身手。
explode作用是处理map结构的字段,使用案例如下(hive自带map,struct,array字段类型,但是需要先定义好泛型,所以在此案例不使用):
建表语句:
drop table explode_lateral_view;
create table explode_lateral_view
(`area` string,
`goods_id` string,
`sale_info` string)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
FIELDS TERMINATED BY '|'
STORED AS textfile;
导入数据:
a:shandong,b:beijing,c:hebei|1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9|[{"source":"7fresh","monthSales":4900,"userCount":1900,"score":"9.9"},{"source":"jd","monthSales":2090,"userCount":78981,"score":"9.8"},{"source":"jdmart","monthSales":6987,"userCount":1600,"score":"9.0"}]
表内数据如下
explode的使用:
我们只 拆解array字段,
语句为select explode(split(goods_id,',')) as goods_id from explode_lateral_view;
结果如下
拆解map字段,
语句为select explode(split(area,',')) as area from explode_lateral_view;
我们会得到如下结果:
拆解json字段
这个时候要配合一下get_json_object
我们想获取所有的monthSales,第一步我们先把这个字段拆成list,并且拆成行展示:
select explode(split(regexp_replace(regexp_replace(sale_info,'\\[\\{',''),'}]',''),'},\\{')) as sale_info from explode_lateral_view;
然后我们想用get_json_object来获取key为monthSales的数据:
select get_json_object(explode(split(regexp_replace(regexp_replace(sale_info,'\\[\\{',''),'}]',''),'},\\{')),'$.monthSales') as sale_info from explode_lateral_view;
然后挂了FAILED: SemanticException [Error 10081]: UDTF’s are not supported outside the SELECT clause, nor nested in expressions
UDTF explode不能写在别的函数内
如果你这么写,想查两个字段,
select explode(split(area,',')) as area,good_id from explode_lateral_view;
会报错FAILED: SemanticException 1:40 Only a single expression in the SELECT clause is supported with UDTF's. Error encountered near token 'good_id'
使用UDTF的时候,只支持一个字段,这时候就需要LATERAL VIEW出场了
LATERAL VIEW的使用:
侧视图的意义是配合explode(或者其他的UDTF),一个语句生成把单行数据拆解成多行后的数据结果集。
select goods_id2,sale_info from explode_lateral_view LATERAL VIEW explode(split(goods_id,','))goods as goods_id2;
其中LATERAL VIEW explode(split(goods_id,’,’))goods相当于一个虚拟表,与原表explode_lateral_view笛卡尔积关联。
也可以多重使用
select goods_id2,sale_info,area2
from explode_lateral_view
LATERAL VIEW explode(split(goods_id,','))goods as goods_id2
LATERAL VIEW explode(split(area,','))area as area2;
也是三个表笛卡尔积的结果
现在我们解决一下上面的问题,从sale_info字段中找出所有的monthSales并且行展示
select get_json_object(concat('{',sale_info_r,'}'),'$.monthSales') as monthSales from explode_lateral_view
LATERAL VIEW explode(split(regexp_replace(regexp_replace(sale_info,'\\[\\{',''),'}]',''),'},\\{'))sale_info as sale_info_r;
最终,我们可以通过下面的句子,把这个json格式的一行数据,完全转换成二维表的方式展现
select get_json_object(concat('{',sale_info_1,'}'),'$.source') as source,
get_json_object(concat('{',sale_info_1,'}'),'$.monthSales') as monthSales,
get_json_object(concat('{',sale_info_1,'}'),'$.userCount') as monthSales,
get_json_object(concat('{',sale_info_1,'}'),'$.score') as monthSales
from explode_lateral_view
LATERAL VIEW explode(split(regexp_replace(regexp_replace(sale_info,'\\[\\{',''),'}]',''),'},\\{'))sale_info as sale_info_1;