1.springmvc搭建
基本结构
maven依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
web.xml配置
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
springmvc-servlet.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--开启注解扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xjq.mvc"></context:component-scan>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<a href="test01">超链接</a>
</body>
</html>
controller类
package com.xjq.mvc.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
/*
*@author:
*@time:2020-11-16 19:30
*@description:
*
*/
@Controller
public class SpringMVCDemo {
/**
* RequestMapping("/test01")
* 参数一:value--->前端请求名
* 只有value一个参数时,value可以省略
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/test01")
public String test01(){
System.out.println("test01");
return "success";
}
/**
* RequestMapping(value = "/test01",method = RequestMethod.GET)
* 参数二:method
* 前端请求方式过滤。当前端请求必须满足请求名为test01,
* 并且请求方式为GET才可以执行此方法
* 常用参数:RequestMethod.GET,RequestMethod.POST,RequestMethod.PUT,RequestMethod.DELETE
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test01",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String test02(){
System.out.println("test01");
return "success";
}
/**
* RequestMapping(value = "/test01",headers = {"xxxx=xxxxx"})
* 参数三:headers
* 前端请求头过滤,当请求头中不包含对应字段和值时,不会执行方法
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test01",headers = {"xxxx=xxxxx"})
public String test03(){
System.out.println("test01");
return "success";
}
/**
* RequestMapping(value = "/test01",params = {"!id"})
* 参数四:参数过滤
* 当前端请求不满足参数要求时,不会执行
* 常用参数:!参数1 -->不包含参数1
* 参数2---->必须包含参数2
* 参数3 = 值1---->必须包含参数3且为值1
* 参数4 != 值2 ---->必须包含参数4且值不为值2
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test01",params = {"!id"})
public String test04(){
System.out.println("test01");
return "success";
}
/**
* RequestMapping(value = "/test01")
* value支持占位符
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test01/{id}/{name}")
public String test05(@PathVariable("id")Integer id,@PathVariable("name")String name){
System.out.println("test01"+"--id:"+id+"---name:"+name);
return "success";
}
}
2.restful风格
public class RestfulDemo {
/**
* 查询
* @param id
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test/",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getDemo(Integer id){
return "success";
}
/**
* 插入
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value ="/test",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String postDemo(){
return "success";
}
/**
* 修改
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String putDemo(){
return "success";
}
/**
* 删除
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String deleteDemo(){
return "success";
}
}
<!--超链接默认为get请求-->
<a href="/test">测试GET</a>
<form action="/test" method="post">
测试POST
</form>
<form action="/test" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
测试PUT
</form>
<form action="/test" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
测试DELETE
</form>
3.从前端获取数据
@Controller
public class GetData {
/**
*获取前端数据方式一
* 1.如果数据为基本数据类型且数目不多,可以使用参数名和name一致
* 2.参数为对象时,对象属性名必须和name一致,如果对象属性包含对象,前端name可以使用属性名.属性,进行赋值
*
*
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test")
public String getData01(String username,String password){
System.out.println("username:"+username+"password:"+password);
return "success";
}
/**
*获取前端数据方式二
* 获取请求头的数据@RequestHeader("xxxx")
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test")
public String getData02(@RequestHeader("") String username){
System.out.println("username:"+username);
return "success";
}
/**
*获取前端数据方式三
* 获取cookie中的数据@CookieValue("xxxx")
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/test")
public String getData03(@CookieValue("") String username){
System.out.println("username:"+username);
return "success";
}
}
4.从后端向前端发送数据
@Controller
public class SetData {
/**
* 方式一:通过ModelAndView
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/test")
public ModelAndView setData(){
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
mav.setViewName("success"); //设置返回视图名
mav.addObject("username","root"); // 设置返回前端视图的数据 底层为hashmap
return mav;
}
/**
* 方式二:通过返回map的方式
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String setData1(Map<String,Object> map){
map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("username","root");
return "success";
}
/**
* 方式三:通过返回model的方式
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/test")
public String setData2(Model model){
model.addAttribute("username","root");
return "success";
}
}
5.json方式向页面传值
/**
* Json:
* Json对象:{"key1:value1","key2:value2"......}
* json数组:[{"key1:value1","key2:value2"},{"key1:value1"....}......]
* 使用方法:
* 1.首先springmvc.xml中配置<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
* 2.导入Jackson jar包
* 3.相应方法上设置@ResponseBody注解
* 4.返回内容,当返回的内容为对象或者map时,解析为json对象。当返回值为list集合时,解析为json数组
*
*
*/
@RequestMapping("/jsonDemo")
@ResponseBody
public List<Student> jsonDemo(){
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(new Student(1001,"张三",25,1));
students.add(new Student(1002,"张三1",25,0));
students.add(new Student(1003,"张三2",25,1));
return students;
}
jsp页面(如果request中的get方法报错时,需要导入tomcat的lib)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8" %>
<html>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; //绝对路径,这里获得的就是 协议名://服务器名:请求端口号/项目名/
%>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<a href="<%=basePath%>/jsonDemo">json测试</a>
<button onclick="test();">测试json</button>
<script type="text/javascript" src="<%=basePath%>/js/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script>
<script type="application/javascript">
function test() {
$.ajax({
url:"<%=basePath%>/jsonDemo",
type:"post",
dataType:"json",
success:function (result) {
alert(result);
}
});
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
6.springmvc和spring整合
1.在web.xml里配置spring的配置文件路径
2.在web.xml里配置ContextLoaderListener监听器
3.配置spring配置文件,设置注解扫描的包
web.xml配置文件
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--spring配置文件路径-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--编码过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--spring容器加载-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
spring配置文件
<!--配置注解扫描包,为了防止bean的二次扫描,springmvc负责扫描controller包,spring负责扫描其余的包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xjq.mvc">
<!--条件过滤,带有controller注解的类spring不扫描-->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"></context:exclude-filter>
</context:component-scan>
springmvc配置文件
<!--开启注解扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xjq.mvc.controller"></context:component-scan>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/view/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler></mvc:default-servlet-handler>