Winfrom三层(增删查改)

主界面 Frm_StudentsTable

App.config、 DBHeple（数据库的访问帮助类）

====类 App.config
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
  <startup>
    <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" />
  </startup>
  <!--数据库连接的配置信息-->
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="connectionString" connectionString="server=localhost;database=student;uid=sa;pwd=123"/>
  </connectionStrings>
</configuration>

====类 DBHeple
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data;

namespace Student.DAL
{
   
    /// <summary>
    /// 数据库的访问帮助类
    /// </summary>
    class DBHeple
    {
   
        //1 获取app.config里面的数据库连接信息
        string connectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["connectionString"].ConnectionString;

        #region  返回第一行第一列的值
        /// <summary>
        /// 返回第一行第一列的值 基本方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">传递的SQL语句</param>
        /// <param name="paras">传递的SQL语句中的参数</param>
        /// <param name="type">执行是SQL语句还是存储过程</param>
        /// <returns>对象</returns>
        public object ExecuteScalar(string sql, SqlParameter[] paras, CommandType type)
        {
   
            using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
   
                conn.Open();
                SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
                command.CommandType = type;
                if (paras != null)
                {
   
                    command.Parameters.AddRange(paras);
                }
                return command.ExecuteScalar();
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 返回第一行第一列的值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">SQL语句</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public object ExecuteScalar(string sql)
        {
   
            return ExecuteScalar(sql, null, CommandType.Text);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 返回第一行第一列的值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">SQL语句</param>
        /// <param name="paras">参数的集合</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public object ExecuteScalar(string sql, SqlParameter[] paras)
        {
   
            return ExecuteScalar(sql, paras, CommandType.Text);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 返回第一行第一列的值 （存储过程）
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">存储过程的名称</param>
        /// <param name="paras">参数的集合</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public object ExecuteScalarProc(string sql, SqlParameter[] paras)
        {
   
            return ExecuteScalar(sql, paras, CommandType.StoredProcedure);
        }

        #endregion

        #region  增加，删除，修改 影响的行数
        /// <summary>
        /// 增加，删除，修改 影响的行数  基本方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">SQL语句</param>
        /// <param name="paras">参数集合</param>
        /// <param name="type">执行类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public int ExecuteNonQuery(string sql, SqlParameter[] paras, CommandType type)
        {
   
            using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
   
                conn.Open();
                SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);
                command.CommandType = type;
                if (paras != null)
                {
   
                    command.Parameters.