23种设计模式之策略模式

基于渡一教育拓哥策略者设计模式课程讲解，及大佬文章、个人理解。

应用背景：学生去书店买书，根据会员卡等级决定打折比例，不同会员卡等级对应不同的打折策略。

首先，可能会想到如下的解决方案，用数字来表示学生会员卡等级。

package nopattern;

public class Price {
    public double getPrice(double goodsPrice,int customerType){
        double price=0;
        switch (customerType) {
            case 0:
                //没有会员卡不打折
                price = goodsPrice * 1;
                break;
            case 1:
                //普通会员卡打8折
                price = goodsPrice * 0.8;
                break;
            case 2:
                //至尊会员卡打5折
                price = goodsPrice * 0.5;
                break;
            default:
                //假的会员卡涨价
                price = goodsPrice * 1.1;
                break;
        }
        return price;
    }
}

分析：代码的可读性不好，数字表示学生会员卡等级，除设计者以外其他人可能无法识别，所以，考虑用静态常量或枚举类型来代替，同时，代码违背了单一原则，所以考虑采用如下代码。

1.静态常量

VipType.java

package nopattern;

public class VipType {
    public static final int NO_VIP=0;
    public static final int NORMAL_VIP=1;
    public static final int EXPENSIVE_VIP=2;
}

Price.java

package nopattern;

public class Price {
    public double getPrice(double goodsPrice,int customerType){
        double price=0;
        switch (customerType) {
            case VipType.NO_VIP:
                //没有会员卡不打折
                price = getPriceForNo_VIP(goodsPrice);
                break;
            case VipType.NORMAL_VIP:
                //普通会员卡打8折
                price = getPriceForNORMAL_VIP(goodsPrice);
                break;
            case VipType.EXPENSIVE_VIP:
                //至尊会员卡打5折
                price = getPriceForEXPENSIVE_VIP(goodsPrice);
                break;
            default:
                //假的会员卡涨价
                price = getPriceForFalse_VIP(goodsPrice);
                break;
        }
        return price;
    }
    private double getPriceForNo_VIP(double goodsPrice){
        return goodsPrice * 1;
    }
    private double getPriceForNORMAL_VIP(double goodsPrice){
        return goodsPrice * 0.8;
    }
    private double getPriceForEXPENSIVE_VIP(double goodsPrice){
        return goodsPrice * 0.5;
    }
    private double getPriceForFalse_VIP(double goodsPrice){
        return goodsPrice * 1.1;
    }
}

2.枚举类型

VipEnum.java

package nopattern;

public enum VipEnum {
    NO_VIP,NORMAL_VIP,EXPENSIVE_VIP;
}

Price.java

package nopattern;

public class Price {
    public double getPrice(double goodsPrice,VipEnum vipEnum){
        double price=0;
        switch (vipEnum) {
            case NO_VIP:
                //没有会员卡不打折
                price = getPriceForNo_VIP(goodsPrice);
                break;
            case NORMAL_VIP:
                //普通会员卡打8折
                price = getPriceForNORMAL_VIP(goodsPrice);
                break;
            case EXPENSIVE_VIP:
                //至尊会员卡打5折
                price = getPriceForEXPENSIVE_VIP(goodsPrice);
                break;
            default:
                //假的会员卡涨价
                price = getPriceForFalse_VIP(goodsPrice);
                break;
        }
        return price;
    }
    private double getPriceForNo_VIP(double goodsPrice){
        return goodsPrice * 1;
    }
    private double getPriceForNORMAL_VIP(double goodsPrice){
        return goodsPrice * 0.8;
    }
    private double getPriceForEXPENSIVE_VIP(double goodsPrice){
        return goodsPrice * 0.5;
    }
    private double getPriceForFalse_VIP(double goodsPrice){
        return goodsPrice * 1.1;
    }
}

分析：以上修改虽然解决了违背单一原则的问题，但假如书店的会员卡等级增加，会造成代码大量修改，违背了开闭原则，所以，定义一个接口/抽象类，规定所要做的事情，不同的身份实现不同的解决方案，实现多态。

Strategy.java

package withpattern;

/**
 * 这个类是用来约束策略的
 * 是一个规则
 * 抽象类也可以
 */
public interface Strategy {

    //计算的方法
    double getPrice(double goodsPrice);
}

ExpensiveVipStrategy.java

package withpattern;

public class ExpensiveVipStrategy implements Strategy{
    @Override
    public double getPrice(double goodsPrice) {
        return 0.5*goodsPrice;
    }
}

FalseVipStrategy.java

package withpattern;

public class FalseVipStrategy implements Strategy{
    public double getPrice(double goodsPrice) {
        return 1.1*goodsPrice;
    }
}

NormalVipStrategy.java

package withpattern;

public class NormalVipStrategy implements Strategy{
    public double getPrice(double goodsPrice) {
        return 0.8*goodsPrice;
    }
}

NoVipStrategy.java

package withpattern;

public class NoVipStrategy implements Strategy {
    public double getPrice(double goodsPrice) {
        return 1*goodsPrice;
    }
}

1.立即加载方案

package withpattern;

public class Price {
    private Strategy strategy;
    public Price(Strategy strategy){        //构造函数传参
        this.strategy = strategy;
    }
    public double getGoodsPrice(double goodsPrice){
        double result = 0;
        result = strategy.getPrice(goodsPrice);//多态
        return result;
    }
}

2.延迟加载方案

package withpattern;

public class Price {
    public Price(){}
    public double getGoodsPrice(double goodsPrice,Strategy strategy){
        double result = 0;
        result = strategy.getPrice(goodsPrice);//多态
        return result;
    }
}