SSM【Mybatis篇-mybatis入门】

一、Mybatis概述

MyBatis是一个支持普通SQL查询、存储过程以及高级映射的持久层框架. MyBatis框架也被称之为ORM（Object/ Relational Mapping，即对象关系映射）框架。
ORM框架常用有两个：Hibernate和MyBatis框架。
导入相关JAR包
【通过以下网址下载：下载网址】

二、入门程序

通过用户管理入门案例引入
创建db_mybatis数据库，一个t_user表，并插入几条数据

项目总体结构

1、通过用户id查询用户信息
在项目src下创建log4j.properties

//log4j.properties
# Global logging configuration
log4j.rootLogger=ERROR, stdout
# My logging configuration...
log4j.logger.com.ssm=DEBUG
Console output...
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t]- %m%n

在com.ssm.po包下创建User类
声明相应属性，及其setter/getter方法

package com.ssm.po;

public class User {
	private Integer id;
	private String username;
	private String jobs;
	private String phone;
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public String getJobs() {
		return jobs;
	}
	public String getPhone() {
		return phone;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public void setJobs(String jobs) {
		this.jobs = jobs;
	}
	public void setPhone(String phone) {
		this.phone = phone;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", jobs=" + jobs + ", phone=" + phone + "]";
	}

}

在com.ssm.mapper包下创建UserMapper.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
	"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.ssm.mapper.UserMapper">
<!-- 定义重复的SQL代码片段 -->
<sql id="userColumns">id,username,jobs,phone</sql>
<!--//通过id查询用户  -->
<select id="findUserById" parameterType="Integer" resultType="com.ssm.po.User">
<!--select * from t_user where id=#{id}  -->
<!-- 使用include元素的refid属性引用自定义的代码片段，属性值为自定义的代码片段id -->
select <include refid="userColumns" />
from t_user
where id=#{id}
</select>
<!-- //通过名字查询 -->
<select id="findUserByName" parameterType="String" resultType="com.ssm.po.User">
select * from t_user where username like '%${value}%'
</select>
<!--//添加用户  -->
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.ssm.po.User">
insert into t_user(username,jobs,phone) values(#{username},#{jobs},#{phone})
</insert>
<!--//更新用户  -->
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.ssm.po.User">
update t_user set username=#{username},jobs=#{jobs},phone=#{phone} where id=#{id}
</update>
<!--//删除用户  -->
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="Integer">
delete  from t_user where id=#{id}
</delete>
</mapper>

在src下创建mybatis-config.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
	"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<properties resource="db.properties" />
	<!-- 1.配置环境，默认的环境id为mysql -->
	<environments default="mysql">
	<!-- 1.2 配置id为mysql的数据库环境 -->
	 <environment id="mysql">
		<transactionManager type="JDBC" />
	<!-- 数据库连接池 -->
		<dataSource type="POOLED">
			<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
			<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_mybatis" />
			<property name="username" value="root" />
			<property name="password" value="root" />
		</dataSource>
	 </environment>
	</environments>
<!-- 2.配置mapper的位置 -->
<mappers>
	<mapper resource="com/ssm/mapper/UserMapper.xml"  />
</mappers>

</configuration>

创建测试类

package com.ssm.test;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.ssm.po.User;

public class MybatisTest {

	@Test
	public void findUserByIdTest() throws Exception {
		//1.读取配置文件
		String resource="mybatis-config.xml";
		InputStream inputStream=Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
		//2.根据配置文件构建SqlSessionFactory实例
		SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory=new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
		//3.通过SqlSessionFactory创建SqlSession实例
		SqlSession sqlSession=sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
		//4.SqlSession执行映射文件中定义的SQL，并返回映射结果
		User user=sqlSession.selectOne("com.ssm.mapper.UserMapper.findUserById",2);
		//5. 打印输出结果
		System.out.println(user.toString());
		//6.关闭SqlSession
		sqlSession.close();
	}
	@Test
	public void findUserByName() throws Exception{
		String resource="mybatis-config.xml";
		InputStream inputStream=Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
		SqlSessionFactory factory=new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
		SqlSession session=factory.openSession();
		List<User> users=session.selectList("com.ssm.mapper.UserMapper.findUserByName","g");
		for(User user:users){
			System.out.println(user.toString());
		}
		session.close();
	}
	@Test
	public void addUserTest() throws Exception{
		String resource="mybatis-config.xml";
		InputStream inputStream=Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
		SqlSessionFactory factory=new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
		SqlSession session=factory.openSession();
		//创建User对象，向其中加入数据
		User user=new User();
		user.setUsername("hqx");
		user.setJobs("students");
		user.setPhone("123456");
		//执行sqlsession的插入方法，返回受影响的行数
		int rows=session.insert("com.ssm.mapper.UserMapper.addUser",user);
		//判断插入操作是否执行成功
		if(rows>0){
			System.out.println("成功添加"+rows+"条数据");
		}else{
			System.out.println("添加失败");
		}
		//提交事务
		session.commit();
		//关闭
		session.close();
	}
@Test
public void updateUserTest() throws Exception{
	String resource="mybatis-config.xml";
	InputStream inputStream=Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
	SqlSessionFactory factory=new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
	SqlSession session=factory.openSession();
	User user=new User();
	user.setId(1);
	user.setUsername("hjh");
	user.setJobs("teacher");
	user.setPhone("123456789");
	int rows=session.update("com.ssm.mapper.UserMapper.updateUser",user);
	if(rows>0){
		System.out.println("更改成功"+rows+"条数据");
	}else{
		System.out.println("更新失败");
	}
	session.commit();
	session.close();
}
@Test
public void deleteUserTest() throws Exception{
	String resource="mybatis-config.xml";
	InputStream inputStream=Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
	SqlSessionFactory factory=new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
	SqlSession session=factory.openSession();
	int rows=session.delete("com.ssm.mapper.UserMapper.deleteUser",1);
	if(rows>0){
		System.out.println("删除成功"+rows+"条数据");
	}else{
		System.out.println("删除失败");
	}
	session.commit();
	session.close();
}
	
}

下面展示 properties元素的使用，动态替换数据库连接配置。

在src文件下创建db.properties文件

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_mybatis
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

在mybatis-config.xml中将数据库连接替换

//原本的连接数据库配置
//<dataSource type="POOLED">
			//<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
			//<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_mybatis" />
			//<property name="username" value="root" />
			//<property name="password" value="root" />
		//</dataSource>
		
<!-- 动态替换SQL配置 -->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
  	<property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
	<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
	<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
	<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</dataSource>

总的测试类开发步骤：

//1.读取配置文件
		String resource="mybatis-config.xml";
		//通过输入流读取配置文件
		InputStream inputStream=Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
		//2.根据配置文件构建SqlSessionFactory实例
		SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory=new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
		//3.通过SqlSessionFactory创建SqlSession实例
		SqlSession sqlSession=sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
		//4.SqlSession执行映射文件中定义的SQL，并返回映射结果
		User user=sqlSession.selectOne("com.ssm.mapper.UserMapper.findUserById",2);
		//5. 打印输出结果
		System.out.println(user.toString());
		//6.关闭SqlSession
		sqlSession.close();