SpringMVC实现原理和入门案例

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-16 18:20:22 发布

少许心动

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-16 18:20:22 发布

阅读量130

点赞数

文章标签： java spring

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43767445/article/details/104480481

版权

1.springMVC介绍
springmvc框架是以请求为驱动,是以servlet为中心而设计的,然后前端发送请求到Controller层,然后通过模型对象，分派器来展示请求结果视图。其中核心类是DispatcherServlet,它是一个Servlet，顶层是实现Servlet接口

2.SpringMVC的工作原理
在这里插入图片描述
步骤
1.用户发送请求到前端控制器DispatcherServlet。
2.DispatcherServlet收到请求调用HandlerMapper处理器映射器
3.处理器映射器找到具体的处理器（注解或者xml配置），生成处理器对象以及处理器拦截器（若有），返回给DispatcherServlet
4.DispatcherServlet调用HandlerAdapter处理器适配器
5.HandlerAdapter经过适配调用具体的处理器（Controller）
6.Controller执行完成返回ModelAndView
7.HandlerAdapter将Controller执行结果ModelAndView返回给DispatcherServlet
8.DispatcherServlet将ModelAndView传给ViewReslover视图解析器
9.视图解析器解析后返回具体的View
10.DispatcherServlet根据View进行渲染视图（将模型数据填充到视图）
11.DispatcherServlet响应用户

现在实现一个新手入门的SpringMvc项目

首先创建Maven项目，在pom文件中导入相关依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.vp</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>springmvc Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
  	<!-- spring依赖 -->
  	<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
			<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		
		<!-- springmvc依赖 -->
		<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
		
		<!-- spring web依赖 -->
		  <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
		
  
    <dependency>
			<groupId>jstl</groupId>
			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
			<version>1.2</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
			<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.2</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
			<artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
			<version>9.0.30</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>4.0.1</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
			<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
			<version>2.2</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>springmvc</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

接下来创建spring-config.xml文件来配置spring

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop    
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
	
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.vp.exam0224.*"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

创建Springmvc-config配置springmvc

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context   
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc    
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd">
	
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.vp.exam0224.*"></context:component-scan>
	
	<!-- 开启mvc注解 -->
	<mvc:annotation-driven/>
	
	<!-- 不让mvc处理静态资源 -->
	<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
	
	<!-- 不让mvc处理静态资源 -->
	<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**/"></mvc:resources>
	<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**/"></mvc:resources>
	<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**/"></mvc:resources>
	
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
      <property name="prefix" value="/" /><!-- 控制中心StudentController最后要转发的页面在哪个文件夹里面,此处配置为根目录，也就是webapp目录 -->
      <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /><!-- 此服务器页面的后缀 -->
   </bean>
	
</beans>

然后创建load.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学生操作</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="addStudent" method="get">
		<input type="text" placeholder="请输入学号" name="sid"/><br/>
		<input type="text" placeholder="请输入姓名" name="sname"/><br/>
		<input type="text" placeholder="请输入分数" name="score"/><br/>
		<input type="submit" value="添加学生"/>
	</form>
	</body>
</html>

再创建index.jsp，点击load.jsp中的submit按钮,跳转到index.jsp中去

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<body>
<h2>添加学生....</h2>
</body>
</html>

entiy学生类

package com.vp.exam0224.entity;

public class Student implements java.io.Serializable{

	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	
	private int sid;
	private String sname;
	private double score;
	
	public Student() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public int getSid() {
		return sid;
	}

	public void setSid(int sid) {
		this.sid = sid;
	}

	public String getSname() {
		return sname;
	}

	public void setSname(String sname) {
		this.sname = sname;
	}

	public double getScore() {
		return score;
	}

	public void setScore(double score) {
		this.score = score;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [sid=" + sid + ", sname=" + sname + ", score=" + score + "]";
	}
	
}

控制层
创建StudentController类

package com.vp.exam0224.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import com.vp.exam0224.entity.Student;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/")
public class StudentController {
	
	@RequestMapping("/add")
	public String add() {
		System.out.println("添加学生");
		return "index";
	}
	
	//方法的参数,就是前端传值过来的参数名,必须一摸一样,否则会接不到
	@RequestMapping(value="/addStudent",method=RequestMethod.GET)
	public String addStudent(String sid,String sname,String score) {
		System.out.println(sid + ":" + sname + ":" + score);
		return "index";
	}
	
	//通过a标签传值
	@RequestMapping(value="/addStudent2",method=RequestMethod.GET)
	public String addStudent2(String sid,String sname,String score) {
		System.out.println(sid + ":" + sname + ":" + score);
		return "index";
	}
	
	//方法体中的参数是学生
	@RequestMapping(value="/addStudent3",method=RequestMethod.GET)
	public String addStudent3(Student student) {
		System.out.println(student);
		return "index";
	}
}

最后一步就是web.xml读取spring.xml和springmvc-xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>

	<!-- 载入spring文件 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:com/vp/exam0224/config/spring-config.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>

	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>

	<!-- 载入springmvc文件,让web.xml注册DispatcherServlet DisPatcher-Servlet.xml,默认读取spring的配置文件的路劲在web-inf/的下面 
		所以我们需要手动修改 -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>
			org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
		</servlet-class>

		<!-- 初始化参数 -->
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:com/vp/exam0224/config/springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>

	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>