7.Java SE 枚举类

枚举类的使用

1. 介绍：类的对象只有有限个，确定的。我们称此类为枚举类。
2. 使用：当需要定义一组常量时，强烈建议使用枚举类；如果枚举类只有一个对象，则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。

定义枚举类

jdk5.0之前，自定义枚举类

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(spring);
    }
}
//自定义枚举类
class Season{
    //1.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象：public static final的
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //4.其他诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
    //4.其他诉求1：提供toString()
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

jdk5.0 可以使用 enum 关键字定义枚举类

public enum Season {
    //1.提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");
    //2.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值

    private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //4.其他诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
}
class Main{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season s = Season.SPRING;
        System.out.println(s);
        System.out.println(s.getSeasonName());
        System.out.println(s.getSeasonDesc());
    }
}

Enum 类中的常用方法

以上述 Enum Season 为例子：

1. values()方法：返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可用很方便的遍历所有枚举值。

class Main{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season s = Season.SPRING;
        Season[] values = Season.values();
        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(values[i] + ":" + values[i].getSeasonName() + ":"+ values[i].getSeasonDesc());
        }
    }
}

2. valueOf(String str)：可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符串必须是枚举类对象的“名字”，如不是，会有运行时异常：IllegalArgumentException。Season spring = Season.valueOf("SPRING");
3. toString()：返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称；Season s = Season.SPRING;s.toString;

使用 enum 关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况

1. 情况一：在 enum 类中实现抽象方法

public enum Season implements show{
	……
	@Override
   public void show() {
        System.out.println("公共用法……");
    }
}
interface show{
    public void show();
}
class Main{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season s = Season.SPRING;
        s.show();
    }
}

2. 请况二：让枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法

public enum Season implements show{
    //1.提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("分开用法……");
        }
    },
    ……
   }
interface show{
    public void show();
}
class Main{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season s = Season.SPRING;
        s.show();
    }
}

参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Kb411W75N?from=search&seid=16029714857073269530&spm_id_from=333.337.0.0