作业1
1.添加一个 swap 分区
在您的系统中添加一个新的 swap 分区，并满足以下要求：
swap 分区容量为 512 MiB
当您的系统启动时，swap 分区应该可以开机自动挂载
不要移除或者修改其他已经存在于您的系统中的 swap 分区
添加三块硬盘，为总体实验做准备
1.创建一个swap分区，
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd95e0b20.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-4194303, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-4194303, default 4194303): +512M
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 512 MiB.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 2 GiB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd95e0b20
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82
Changed type of partition 'Linux LVM' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
2.格式化swap分区，并将挂载信息写入到配置文件中，让其永久生效
2.创建一个逻辑卷
请按下列要求创建一个新的逻辑卷：
创建一个名为 datastore 的卷组，卷组的大小为4G
逻辑卷的名字为 database ,所属卷组为 datastore,该逻辑卷大小为3G
将新建的逻辑卷格式化为 xfs 文件系统，要求系统启动时，该逻辑卷能被开机自动挂载到 /database
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x41bbc623.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): +4G
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 4 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 5 GiB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x41bbc623
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 8390655 8388608 4G 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
创建卷组
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/nvme0n1p2 rhel lvm2 a-- <19.00g 0
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 4.00g 4.00g
创建逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate datastore /dev/sdb1
Volume group "datastore" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
datastore 1 0 0 wz--n- <4.00g <4.00g
rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- <19.00g 0
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n database -L 3G datastore
Logical volume "database" created.
格式化为xfs类型
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/datastore/database
meta-data=/dev/datastore/database isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=196608 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
= reflink=1
data = bsize=4096 blocks=786432, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /database
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# cd /dtabase
bash: cd: /dtabase: No such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# cd /database
[root@localhost database]# pwd
/database
[root@localhost database]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@localhost database]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 872M 0 872M 0% /dev
tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 901M 9.8M 891M 2% /run
tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 4.3G 13G 25% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 229M 786M 23% /boot
tmpfs 181M 1.2M 179M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 181M 4.6M 176M 3% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 7.9G 7.9G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-8-2-0-BaseOS-x86_64
手动挂载
[root@localhost database]# mount /dev/datastore/database /database
[root@localhost database]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 872M 0 872M 0% /dev
tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 901M 9.8M 891M 2% /run
tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 4.3G 13G 25% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 229M 786M 23% /boot
tmpfs 181M 1.2M 179M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 181M 4.6M 176M 3% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 7.9G 7.9G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-8-2-0-BaseOS-x86_64
/dev/mapper/datastore-database 3.0G 54M 3.0G 2% /database
3.扩大卷组扩展上题database逻辑卷的大小为5G。
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x883f67a8.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-8388607, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-8388607, default 8388607): p
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-8388607, default 8388607):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 4 GiB.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 4 GiB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x883f67a8
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 2048 8388607 8386560 4G 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
创建物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend datastore /dev/sdc1
Volume group "datastore" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
datastore 2 1 0 wz--n- 7.99g 4.99g
rhel 1 2 0 wz--n- <19.00g 0
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 872M 0 872M 0% /dev
tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 901M 9.8M 891M 2% /run
tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root 17G 4.3G 13G 25% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 229M 786M 23% /boot
tmpfs 181M 1.2M 179M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 181M 4.6M 176M 3% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 7.9G 7.9G 0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-8-2-0-BaseOS-x86_64
/dev/mapper/datastore-database 3.0G 54M 3.0G 2% /database
[root@localhost ~]# mount /mapper/datastore
mount: /mapper/datastore: can't find in /etc/fstab.
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/datastore/database
mount: /database: /dev/mapper/datastore-database already mounted on /database.
扩大卷组
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend /dev/datastore/database -L +2G
Size of logical volume datastore/database changed from 3.00 GiB (768 extents) to 5.00 GiB (1280 extents).
Logical volume datastore/database successfully resized.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
database datastore -wi-ao---- 5.00g
root rhel -wi-ao---- <17.00g
swap rhel -wi-ao---- 2.00g
4.删除所有逻辑卷恢复到系统最初状态
列出所有块设备
要做删除要先删除挂载，然后一步一步删除
[root@localhost ~]# umont /database
bash: umont: command not found...
Failed to search for file: /mnt/AppStream/ was not found
[root@localhost ~]# umount /database
[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/datastore/database
Do you really want to remove active logical volume datastore/database? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "database" successfully removed
[root@localhost ~]# vgremove datastore
Volume group "datastore" successfully removed
[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sd{a..c}1
No PV found on device /dev/sda1.
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped.
Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully wiped.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Failed to remove partition 1 from system: Device or resource busy
The kernel still uses the old partitions. The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb sdc
fdisk: bad usage
Try 'fdisk --help' for more information.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
我们可以看到这里已经删除完毕
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 2G 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 4G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 7.9G 0 rom /run/media/root/RHEL-8-2-0-BaseOS-x8
nvme0n1 259:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 19G 0 part
├─rhel-root 253:0 0 17G 0 lvm /
└─rhel-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
作业2
配置ntp时间服务器，要求时间服务的主机名192.168.100.200,在客户端主机中配置要求主机系统时间与服务器 192.168.100.200同步，并要求系统重启后依然生效
服务端配置（IP：192.168.47.150）
[root@localhost mnt]# systemctl stop firewalld 关闭防火墙
[root@localhost mnt]# setenforce 0 关闭安全机制
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
进入配置文件，做如下图设置（只允许192.168.47.0/24网段内的主机获取我们的时间）
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart chronyd 重启
在服务端随意更改一个时间，然后使用第二条命令实现系统重启后依然生效
[root@localhost mnt]# date 010111112020
Wed Jan 1 11:11:00 CST 2020
[root@localhost mnt]# systemctl enable chronyd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/chronyd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service.
客户端配置（IP：192.168.47.200）
[root@localhost mnt]# dnf install chrony
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
进入配置文件，指定我们的时间服务器为192.168.47.150
可用下图的命令查看我们的时间服务器
在服务器端修改时间后，客户端的变化（注：中间需要重启客户端chronyd.service）
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