PTA习题 7-4 定义抽象类Person、派生类Student和类Teacher

7-4 定义抽象类Person、派生类Student和类Teacher 分数 10

设计抽象类Person，派生出具体类：学生类Student和教师类Teacher，创建若干不同类对象后并在主方法中测试。
数据成员定义：
Person [ID，姓名，生日]
Student [专业，成绩]
Teacher [职称，工资]
带参构造方法分别为：

Person(int id,String name, int bir)
Student(int id,String name, int bir, String major,double score)
Teacher(int id,String name, int bir, String title, double salary)
toString方法(Eclipse自动生成)

输入格式:
第一行整数n表示有n个对象，每个对象占2行，第一行为数字0（表示学生）或1（表示教师），第二行为生成对象的参数。

输出格式:
按行输出具体对象的信息。

输入样例:
在这里给出一组输入。例如：

5
0
10101 Peter 20010121 Computer 87.5
1
20110014 Crystal 19900103 AI 7000
0
10102 Rose 20010715 E-Commerce 90
1
20120019 David 19781218 Prof 12000
0
10103 Semon 20000405 Computer 88

输出样例:
在这里给出相应的输出。例如：

Student [id=10101, name=Peter, bir=20010121, major=Computer, score=87.5]
Teacher [id=20110014, name=Crystal, bir=19900103, title=AI, salary=7000.0]
Student [id=10102, name=Rose, bir=20010715, major=E-Commerce, score=90.0]
Teacher [id=20120019, name=David, bir=19781218, title=Prof, salary=12000.0]
Student [id=10103, name=Semon, bir=20000405, major=Computer, score=88.0]

代码长度限制 16 KB
时间限制 400 ms
内存限制 64 MB

个人自写答案：

#include<iostream>
#include<string> 
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;

class Person
{
public:
	Person(unsigned int id, string name, unsigned int bir,string maj);  //关于"maj"：这里我不打算按题目所给出的来，实际上对于程序来说title和major是一回事，只不过是人在区分罢了
	unsigned int num;
	string nam;
	unsigned int birthday;
	string major_;   //这里应该避免使用"major"作为变量名，否则g++和clang都会报错
	virtual void printinfo(){};
};

Person::Person(unsigned int id, string name, unsigned int bir, string maj) :num(id), nam(name), birthday(bir), major_(maj) {};

class Student:public Person
{
public:
	Student(unsigned int id, string name, unsigned int bir, string maj, float scre);
	float score;
	void printinfo();
};

Student::Student(unsigned int id, string name, unsigned int bir, string maj, float scre) :Person(id, name, bir, maj), score(scre) {};
void Student::printinfo()
{
	cout.precision(1);
	cout << fixed << "Student [id=" << num << ", name=" << nam << ", bir=" << birthday << ", major=" << major_ << ", score=" << fixed << setprecision(1) << score << "]" << endl; //这里留心一下fixed和setprecision(主要是后面的代码会用，这一行的使用没什么意义)
}

class Teacher:public Person
{
public:
	Teacher(unsigned int id, string name, unsigned int bir, string maj, float sala):Person(id, name, bir, maj), salary(sala) {};
	float salary;
	void printinfo();
};

void Teacher::printinfo()
{
	cout << "Teacher [id=" << num << ", name=" << nam << ", bir=" << birthday << ", title=" << major_ << ", salary=" << fixed << setprecision(1) << salary << "]" << endl;
}

int main()
{
	int cnt,typ;
	cin >> cnt;
	Person** ptr = (Person**)malloc(sizeof(Person*) * cnt); //指针数组

	unsigned int num;
	string nam;
	unsigned int birthday;
	string major_;
	float mixed;

	for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) //原本想整一边输入一边输出，后面发现会出BUG，便换成先输入再输出，上面会用到指针数组也是因为这个
	{
		cin >> typ;
		cin >> num >> nam >> birthday >> major_ >> fixed>>setprecision(1)>> mixed;
		switch (typ)
		{
		case 0:
			ptr[i] = new Student(num, nam, birthday, major_,mixed);
			break;
		case 1:
			ptr[i] = new Teacher(num, nam, birthday, major_,mixed);
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) ptr[i]->printinfo();
	return 0;
}