21(6). 赋值兼容规则与抽象类

赋值兼容规则(基类和派生类对象赋值转换)

1.派生类对象直接赋值给基类对象
2.派生类对象的地址可以直接给基类对象的指针赋值
3.派生类对象直接赋值给基类的引用对象赋值

//覆盖(重写)
class A
{
public:
	virtual void Eat()
	{
		cout<<"A::Eat()"<<endl; //??????
	}
	virtual void Foot()
	{
		cout<<"A::Foot()"<<endl;
	}
	virtual void Sleep()
	{
		cout<<"A::Sleep()"<<endl;
	}
};
class Person : public A
{
public:
	void Eat()
	{
		cout<<"Person::Eat()"<<endl; //??????
	}
	void Foot()
	{
		cout<<"Person::Foot()"<<endl;
	}
	void Sleep()
	{
		cout<<"Person::Sleep()"<<endl;
	}
};
class Dog : public A
{
public:
	void Eat()
	{
		cout<<"Dog::Eat()"<<endl; //??????
	}
	void Foot()
	{
		cout<<"Dog::Foot()"<<endl;
	}
	void Sleep()
	{
		cout<<"Dog::Sleep()"<<endl;
	}
};


class XLQ : public A
{
	void Eat()
	{
		cout<<"XLQ::Eat()"<<endl; //??????
	}
	void Foot()
	{
		cout<<"XLQ::Foot()"<<endl;
	}
	void Sleep()
	{
		cout<<"XLQ::Sleep()"<<endl;
	}
};


void Active(A *pa)  //覆盖(重写)
{
	pa->Eat();
	pa->Foot();
	pa->Sleep();
}

int main()
{
	Person p;
	Dog d;
	XLQ xlq;

	Active(&xlq);
	Active(&d);
	Active(&p);
	return 0;
}

抽象类

在虚函数的后面写上 =0 ，则这个函数为纯虚函数。包含纯虚函数的类叫做抽象类（也叫接口类），抽象类
不能实例化出对象。派生类继承后也不能实例化出对象，只有重写纯虚函数，派生类才能实例化出对象。纯虚函数规范了派生类必须重写，另外纯虚函数更体现出了接口继

//抽象类 example
class Car
{
public:
	virtual void Drive() = 0;
};
class Benz :public Car
{
public:
	virtual void Drive()
	{
		cout << "Benz-舒适" << endl;
	}
};
class BMW :public Car
{
public:
	virtual void Drive()
	{
		cout << "BMW-操控" << endl;
	}
};
void Test()
{
	Car* pBenz = new Benz;
	pBenz->Drive();
	Car* pBMW = new BMW;
	pBMW->Drive();
}