[ Python ] 常用类库学习之 matplotlib

matplotlib

作用：生成出版质量级别的图形

中文文档：https://www.matplotlib.org.cn/

官方文档：https://matplotlib.org/users/index.html

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一、生成饼状图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# data to plot
labels = ('Python', 'C++', 'Ruby', 'Java',)
sizes = (215, 130, 245, 210,)

colors = ('gold', 'yellowgreen', 'lightcoral', 'lightskyblue',)

plt.pie(
    sizes,
    labels=labels,
    colors=colors,
    autopct='%1.1f%%',
)

plt.title("Programming Languages")

plt.show()

# 将图表保存成文件
plt.savefig('foo.png')
plt.savefig('foo.pdf')

二、绘制柱状图，折线图，散点图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

data = {'apple': 10, 'orange': 15, 'lemon': 5, 'lime': 20}
names = list(data.keys())
values = list(data.values())

fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(9, 3), sharey=True)
axs[0].bar(names, values)
axs[1].scatter(names, values)
axs[2].plot(names, values)
fig.suptitle('Categorical Plotting')
cat = ["bored", "happy", "bored", "bored", "happy", "bored"]
dog = ["happy", "happy", "happy", "happy", "bored", "bored"]
activity = ["combing", "drinking", "feeding", "napping", "playing", "washing"]

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(activity, dog, label="dog")
ax.plot(activity, cat, label="cat")
ax.legend()

plt.show()

三、生成正余弦曲线

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 设置x,y轴的数值
x1 = np.linspace(0, 6, 200)
y1 = np.sin(x1)
y2 = np.cos(x1)

# 在当前绘图对象中画图（x轴,y轴,线条形状，给所绘制的曲线的名字，画线颜色，画线宽度）
plt.plot(x1, y1, label="$sin(x)$", color="blue", linewidth=2)
plt.plot(x1, y2, '--', label="$cos(x)$", color="orange", linewidth=2)

# 图表的标题
plt.title("sin & cos")

# X和Y坐标轴的表示
plt.xlabel("X")
plt.ylabel("Y")

# Y轴的范围
plt.ylim(-1, 1)

# 显示图示
plt.legend()

# 显示图
plt.show()

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