【C++】string和int互转

一、string转int

1. 头文件< string >中提供的stoi函数
   int stoi (const string& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
   int stoi (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);

#include <iostream>   // std::cout
#include <string>     // std::string, std::stoi

int main () {
  std::string str_dec = "2001, A Space Odyssey";
  std::string str_hex = "40c3";
  std::string str_bin = "-10010110001";
  std::string str_auto = "0x7f";

  std::string::size_type sz;   // alias of size_t

  int i_dec = std::stoi (str_dec,&sz);
  int i_hex = std::stoi (str_hex,nullptr,16);
  int i_bin = std::stoi (str_bin,nullptr,2);
  int i_auto = std::stoi (str_auto,nullptr,0);

  std::cout << str_dec << ": " << i_dec << " and [" << str_dec.substr(sz) << "]\n";	//2001, A Space Odyssey: 2001 and [, A Space Odyssey]
  std::cout << str_hex << ": " << i_hex << '\n';	//40c3:  16579
  std::cout << str_bin << ": " << i_bin << '\n';	//-10010110001: -1201
  std::cout << str_auto << ": " << i_auto << '\n';	//0x7f: 127

  return 0;
}

2. C风格char* 转成int 头文件< cstdlib > 中的atoi函数
   int atoi (const char * str);

#include <stdio.h>      /* printf, fgets */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* atoi */

int main () {
  int i;
  char buffer[256];
  printf ("Enter a number: ");
  fgets (buffer, 256, stdin);
  i = atoi (buffer);
  printf ("The value entered is %d. Its double is %d.\n",i,i*2);
  return 0;
}

3. 采用sstream头文件中定义的字符串流对象来实现转换。

itringstream is("12"); //构造输入字符串流，流的内容初始化为“12”的字符串
int i;
is >> i; //从is流中读入一个int整数存入i中

二、int转string

1. 头文件 < string > 中to_string函数

#include <iostream>   // std::cout
#include <string>     // std::string, std::to_string

int main () {
  std::string pi = "pi is " + std::to_string(3.1415926);
  std::string perfect = std::to_string(1+2+4+7+14) + " is a perfect number";
  std::cout << pi << '\n';	//pi is 3.141593
  std::cout << perfect << '\n';	//28 is a perfect number
  return 0;
}

2. int转C风格char* ，头文件< cstdlib >中的itoa函数
   char * itoa ( int value, char * str, int base );

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main () {
  int i = 1750；
  char buffer [33];
  itoa (i,buffer,10);	//将i转换为十进制字符串
  printf ("decimal: %s\n",buffer);	//1750
  itoa (i,buffer,16);	//将i转换为十六进制字符串
  printf ("hexadecimal: %s\n",buffer);	//6d6
  itoa (i,buffer,2);	//将i转化为二进制字符串
  printf ("binary: %s\n",buffer);	//11011010110
  return 0;
}

3. 采用sstream中定义的字符串流对象来实现。

ostringstream os; //构造一个输出字符串流，流内容为空
int i = 12;
os << i; //向输出字符串流中输出int整数i的内容
cout << os.str() << endl; //利用字符串流的str函数获取流中的内容