springcloud ali gateway介绍

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-24 12:12:00 发布

wxf11211

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-24 12:12:00 发布

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文章标签： spring cloud gateway java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43910862/article/details/125768824

版权

一：Gateway简介

文档：Spring Cloud Gateway

小结：

nacos ：注册中心，解决服务的注册与发现

Ribbon：客户端负载均衡器，解决微服务集群负载均衡的问题

Openfeign：声明式HTTP客户端，解决微服务之间远程调用问题

Sentinel：微服务流量防卫兵,以流量为入口，保护微服务，防止出现服务雪崩.

1.0：为什么使用网关

1.1：什么是Springcloud-gateway

1：springcloud-gateway是第二代网关，取代zuul

2：springcloud-gateway是基于 Spring Boot 2.x， Spring WebFlux和Project Reactor 构建的。netty服务器运行

3：是微服务的统一入口

1.2：Springcloud-gateway特点

1：性能强劲（是zuul1.x的1.6倍）

2：功能强大（转发、监控、限流）

1.3：gateway核心概念

Route（路由）

路由是构建网关的基本模块，它由ID，目标URI，一系列的断言和过滤器组成，如果断言为true则匹配该路由

Predicate（断言、谓词）

开发人员可以匹配HTTP请求中的所有内容（例如请求头或请求参数），如果请求与断言相匹配则进行路由

Filter（过滤）

指的是Spring框架中GatewayFilter的实例，使用过滤器，可以在请求被路由前或者之后对请求进行修改

1.4：gateway的工作流程

1:客户端向 Spring Cloud Gateway 发出请求。然后在 Gateway Handler Mapping 中找到与请求相匹配的路由
2:将其发送到 Gateway Web Handler。
3:Handler 再通过指 定的过滤器链来将请求发送到我们实际的服务执行业务逻辑，然后返回。过滤器之间用虚线分开是因为过滤器可能会在发送代理请求之前（“pre”）或之后（“post”）执行业务逻辑。

1.5：搭建网关wfx-gateway

1.5.1：pom依赖

注意：不要依赖spring-boot-starter-web

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <!--servlet编程模型、运行的服务器是tomcat-->
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

依赖如下:

 <dependencies>
        <!--   spring-cloud gateway,底层基于netty     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
      <!-- 端点监控 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--  nacos注册中心      -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

1.5.2：基本配置

配置文件采用yml

server:
  #gateway的端口
  port: 8040

spring:
  application:
    name: wfx-gateway
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848

1.5.3：引导类

package com.wfx;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

/**
 * <p>title: com.wfx</p>
 * <p>Company: wendao</p>
 * author zhuximing
 * date 2020/10/29
 * description:
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class WfxGateway {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(WfxGateway.class,args);
    }

}

二：路由配置姿势

2.1：路由到指定URL

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: baidu
          uri: http://www.baidu.com
          predicates:
            - Path=/**

访问 http://localhost:8040/** 转发给百度一下，你就知道**

http://localhost:8040/a => http://www.baidu.com/a

http://localhost:8040/a/b => http://www.baidu.com/a/b

2.2：路由到微服务

2.2.1：静态路由

spring:
    cloud:
     gateway:
      #路由是一个数组，可以配置多个路由
      routes:
        #配置商品微服务,静态配置
        - id: wfx-goods
          uri: http://localhost:8001
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/**

2.2.2：动态路由

server:
  #gateway启动端口
  port: 8040
spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        #配置商品微服务
        - id: wfx-goods
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/**
        #配置积分微服务
        - id: wfx-jifen
          uri: lb://wfx-jifen
          predicates:
            - Path=/jifen/**
        #配置订单微服务
        - id: wfx-order
          uri: lb://wfx-order
          predicates:
            - Path=/order/**
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
  application:
    name: wfx-gateway

三：谓词工厂详解

Spring Cloud Gateway提供了十来种路由谓词工厂。为网关实现灵活的转发提供了基石。

Spring Cloud Gateway中内置的谓词工厂，包括：

Path

 gateway:
      #配置路由规则
      routes:
        - id: wfx-goods
          #请求转发到微服务集群
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/**    #http://localhost:8040/goods/hello ->lb://wfx-goods/goods/hello

After

示例：

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: wfx-jifen
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/detail/100   //true
            - After=2020-10-29T22:24:40.626+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]   //true

Before

示例：

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: wfx-jifen
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/detail/100
            - Before=2020-10-29T22:24:40.626+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]

Between

示例：

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: wfx-jifen
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/detail/100
            - Between=2020-10-29T22:24:40.626+08:00[Asia/Shanghai], 2020-10-29T22:24:40.626+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]

Cookie

示例：

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: wfx-jifen
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/detail/100
            - After=2020-10-29T22:26:40.626+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
            - Cookie=age,18

Header

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: wfx-jifen
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/detail/100
            - After=2020-10-29T22:26:40.626+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
            - Cookie=name,jack
            - Header=token,123

Host

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: wfx-jifen
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/detail/100
            - After=2020-10-29T22:26:40.626+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
            - Cookie=name,jack
            - Header=token
            - Host=goods.wfx.com,**.jd.com

Method

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: wfx-jifen
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/detail/100
            - After=2020-10-29T22:26:40.626+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
            - Cookie=name,jack
            - Header=token
            - Host=**.wfx.com,**.jd.com
            - Method=GET

Query

示例：

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: wfx-jifen
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/detail/100
            - After=2020-10-29T22:26:40.626+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
            - Cookie=name,jack
            - Header=token
            - Host=**.wfx.com,**.jd.com
            - Method=GET
            - Query=baz,123

RemoteAddr

示例：

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: wfx-jifen
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/detail/100
            - After=2020-10-29T22:26:40.626+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
#            - Cookie=name,jack
            - Header=token
            - Host=**.wfx.com,**.jd.com
            - Query=baz
            - RemoteAddr=192.168.234.122,192.168.234.123

自定义RoutePredicateFactory

自定义谓词工厂的类名规范：后缀必须是RoutePredicateFactory

package com.wfx.predicates;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.handler.predicate.AbstractRoutePredicateFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Predicate;

/**
 * <p>title: com.wfx.predicates</p>
 * author zhuximing
 * description:
 */
@Component
public class MyHeaderRoutePredicateFactory extends AbstractRoutePredicateFactory<MyConfig> {
    public MyHeaderRoutePredicateFactory() {
        super(MyConfig.class);
    }

    @Override
    public Predicate<ServerWebExchange> apply(MyConfig config) {



        return new Predicate<ServerWebExchange>() {
            @Override
            public boolean test(ServerWebExchange exchange) {

                //获取请求头
                //需求：请求头中必须要有 指定的kv 键值对
//                String value = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders().getFirst(config.getKey());
//                if (value == null) {
//
//                    return false;
//                }else{
//                    if(value.equals(config.getValue())){
//                        return true;
//                    }else{
//                        return  false;
//                    }
//                }



                if(StringUtils.isEmpty(config.getValue())){//只配置了key，但是没有配置value

                    if(exchange.getRequest().getHeaders().containsKey(config.getKey())){
                        return true;
                    }else{
                        return  false;
                    }


                }else{//同时配置了key和value

                    //根据key获取value
                    String value = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders().getFirst(config.getKey());
                    if(config.getValue().equals(value)){
                           return  true;
                    }else{
                        return  false;
                    }

                }





            }
        };
    }

    //获取配置参数
    @Override
    public List<String> shortcutFieldOrder() {


        //- MyHeader=bbb,cccc
        //[bbb,cccc]
        //bbb赋值给MyConfig#key
        //cccc赋值给MyConfig#value

        return Arrays.asList("key","value");
    }
}

server:
  #网关微服务的启动端口
  port: 8040
spring:
  application:
    name: wfx-gateway #微服务的应用名
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 #nacos-server的服务地址
    gateway:
      #配置路由规则
      routes:
        - id: wfx-goods
          #请求转发到微服务集群
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/**    #http://localhost:8040/goods/hello ->lb://wfx-goods/goods/hello
            - After=2021-02-04T09:35:30.654+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
            - Cookie=age,18
            - MyHeader=name,xx

四：过滤器工厂详解

4.1：内置过滤器

1 AddRequestHeader GatewayFilter Factory2 AddRequestParameter GatewayFilter Factory3 AddResponseHeader GatewayFilter Factory4 DedupeResponseHeader GatewayFilter Factory5 Hystrix GatewayFilter Factory6 FallbackHeaders GatewayFilter Factory7 PrefixPath GatewayFilter Factory8 PreserveHostHeader GatewayFilter Factory9 RequestRateLimiter GatewayFilter Factory10 RedirectTo GatewayFilter Factory11 RemoveHopByHopHeadersFilter GatewayFilter Factory12 RemoveRequestHeader GatewayFilter Factory13 RemoveResponseHeader GatewayFilter Factory14 RewritePath GatewayFilter Factory15 RewriteResponseHeader GatewayFilter Factory16 SaveSession GatewayFilter Factory17 SecureHeaders GatewayFilter Factory18 SetPath GatewayFilter Factory19 SetResponseHeader GatewayFilter Factory20 SetStatus GatewayFilter Factory21 StripPrefix GatewayFilter Factory22 Retry GatewayFilter Factory23 RequestSize GatewayFilter Factory24 Modify Request Body GatewayFilter Factory25 Modify Response Body GatewayFilter Factory26 Default Filters

4.2：使用内置过滤器

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
      - id: add_request_header_route
        uri: https://example.org
        filters:
        - AddRequestHeader=Foo, Bar

 @GetMapping("detail/{goodsId}")
    public Map detail(@PathVariable String goodsId,@RequestHeader("Foo") String foo){
        System.out.println(foo+"!!!!");
        return  new HashMap(){{
            put("goodName","华为meta10");
            put("price",99.99);
        }};
    }

4.3：自定义过滤器

命名规范：过滤器工厂的类名必须以GatewayFilterFactory为后缀

package com.wfx.filters;

import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilter;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.AbstractNameValueGatewayFilterFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

/**
 * <p>title: com.wfx.filters</p>
 * author zhuximing
 * description:
 */
@Component
public class CalServiceTimeGatewayFilterFactory extends AbstractNameValueGatewayFilterFactory {
    @Override
    public GatewayFilter apply(NameValueConfig config) {



        return new GatewayFilter() {
            @Override
            public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
                //前处理
                long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

                System.out.println("name:"+config.getName());
                System.out.println("value:"+config.getValue());


//                return chain.filter(exchange);//放行

                return  chain.filter(exchange).then(
                    //后置处理
                    Mono.fromRunnable(()->{
                        System.out.println("post come in");
                        //获取系统当前时间戳为endTime
                        long entTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                        System.out.println("time="+(entTime-startTime));

                    }));
            }
        };
    }

    @Override
    public ShortcutType shortcutType() {
        return ShortcutType.DEFAULT;
    }
}

server:
  #网关微服务的启动端口
  port: 8040
spring:
  application:
    name: wfx-gateway #微服务的应用名
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 #nacos-server的服务地址
    gateway:
      #配置路由规则
      routes:
        - id: wfx-goods
          #请求转发到微服务集群
          uri: lb://wfx-goods
          predicates:
            - Path=/goods/**    #http://localhost:8040/goods/hello ->lb://wfx-goods/goods/hello
            - After=2021-02-04T09:35:30.654+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
            - Cookie=age,18
            - MyHeader=bbb
          filters:
            - AddRequestHeader=token,123
            - AddRequestParameter=name,jack
            - CalServiceTime=a,b

过滤器执行的顺序，就是配置的顺序

4.4：全局过滤器

Spring Cloud Gateway内置的全局过滤器。包括：1 Combined Global Filter and GatewayFilter Ordering2 Forward Routing Filter3 LoadBalancerClient Filter4 Netty Routing Filter5 Netty Write Response Filter6 RouteToRequestUrl Filter7 Websocket Routing Filter8 Gateway Metrics Filter9 Marking An Exchange As Routed

自定义全局过滤器

package com.wfx.filters;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.parser.JSONParser;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * <p>title: com.wfx.filters</p>
 * author zhuximing
 * description:
 */
@Component
public class AuthFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {

        ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
        ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();


        //获取jwt令牌
        String jwtToken = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders().getFirst("token");
        if (jwtToken == null) {

            //不能放行，直接返回，返回json信息
            response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");

            Map res = new HashMap(){{
                put("success",false);
                put("msg","必须指定token");
            }};

            ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
            String jsonStr = null;
            try {
                jsonStr = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(res);
            } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }


            DataBuffer dataBuffer = response.bufferFactory().wrap(jsonStr.getBytes());

            return response.writeWith(Flux.just(dataBuffer));//响应json数据


        }else{
            //校验令牌
           if( jwtToken.equals("xx")){//校验成功
              return   chain.filter(exchange);  //放行
           }else{

               //不能放行，直接返回，返回json信息
               response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");

               Map res = new HashMap(){{
                   put("success",false);
                   put("msg","令牌不合法");
               }};

               ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
               String jsonStr = null;
               try {
                   jsonStr = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(res);
               } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
                   e.printStackTrace();
               }


               DataBuffer dataBuffer = response.bufferFactory().wrap(jsonStr.getBytes());

               return response.writeWith(Flux.just(dataBuffer));//响应json数据
           }
        }


    }


    //指定过滤器的执行顺序，值越小越先执行
    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 0;
    }
}

package com.wfx;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.time.ZonedDateTime;

/**
 * <p>title: com.wfx</p>
 * <p>Company: wendao</p>
 * author zhuximing
 * date 2020/10/29
 * description:
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class WfxGateway {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(WfxGateway.class,args);

    }
    
    @Bean
    @Order(1)
    public GlobalFilter  aFilter(){

        return  new GlobalFilter() {
            @Override
            public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {

                System.out.println("A come in ");


                return chain.filter(exchange).then(   Mono.fromRunnable(()->{
                    System.out.println("A post come in");

                }));
            }
        };
    }


    @Bean
    @Order(2)
    public GlobalFilter  bFilter(){

        return  new GlobalFilter() {
            @Override
            public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {

                System.out.println("b come in ");


                return chain.filter(exchange).then(   Mono.fromRunnable(()->{
                    System.out.println("b post come in");

                }));
            }
        };
    }

    @Bean
    @Order(-1)
    public GlobalFilter a() {
        return (exchange, chain) -> {
            System.out.println("first pre filter");
            return chain.filter(exchange).then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {
                System.out.println("third post filter");
            }));
        };
    }

    @Bean
    @Order(0)
    public GlobalFilter b() {
        return (exchange, chain) -> {
            System.out.println("second pre filter");
            return chain.filter(exchange).then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {
                System.out.println("second post filter");
            }));
        };
    }

    @Bean
    @Order(1)
    public GlobalFilter c() {
        return (exchange, chain) -> {
            System.out.println("third pre filter");
            return chain.filter(exchange).then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {
                System.out.println("first post filter");
            }));
        };
    }


}

五：gateway整合sentinel

Sentinel从 1.6.0 版本开始提供了 Spring Cloud Gateway 的适配模块，可以提供两种资源维度的限流：

route 维度：即在 Spring 配置文件中配置的路由条目，资源名为对应的 routeId自定义
API 维度：用户可以利用 Sentinel 提供的 API 来自定义一些 API 分组

5.1：整合步骤

第一步：pom依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
    <artifactId>sentinel-spring-cloud-gateway-adapter</artifactId>
</dependency>

第二步：配置

spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
    sentinel:
      transport:
        dashboard: 127.0.0.1:8888
        port: 8710

5.2：BlockException异常处理

默认BlockException异常全局处理器 SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler

package com.wfx.config;

import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.SentinelGatewayFilter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.http.codec.ServerCodecConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.result.view.ViewResolver;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

@Configuration
public class GatewayConfiguration {

    private final List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers;
    private final ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer;

    public GatewayConfiguration(ObjectProvider<List<ViewResolver>> viewResolversProvider,
                                ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer) {
        this.viewResolvers = viewResolversProvider.getIfAvailable(Collections::emptyList);
        this.serverCodecConfigurer = serverCodecConfigurer;
    }

    @Bean
    //order不能为-1  必须优先级最高
    @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
    public SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler sentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler() {
        // Register the block exception handler for Spring Cloud Gateway.
        return new SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler(viewResolvers, serverCodecConfigurer);
    }

    @Bean
    public GlobalFilter sentinelGatewayFilter() {
        // By default the order is HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE
        return new SentinelGatewayFilter();
    }
}

自定义BlockException异常处理器

package com.wfx.sentinel;

import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.SentinelGatewayFilter;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.exception.SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.http.codec.ServerCodecConfigurer;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.result.view.ViewResolver;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

@Configuration
public class GatewayConfiguration {

    private final List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers;
    private final ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer;

    public GatewayConfiguration(ObjectProvider<List<ViewResolver>> viewResolversProvider,
                                ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer) {
        this.viewResolvers = viewResolversProvider.getIfAvailable(Collections::emptyList);
        this.serverCodecConfigurer = serverCodecConfigurer;
    }

    @Bean
    // 必须优先级最高
    @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
    public MySentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler sentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler() {
        // Register the block exception handler for Spring Cloud Gateway.
        return new MySentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler(viewResolvers, serverCodecConfigurer);
    }

    @Bean
    public GlobalFilter sentinelGatewayFilter() {
        // By default the order is HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE
        return new SentinelGatewayFilter();
    }
}

package com.wfx.sentinel;

import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.callback.GatewayCallbackManager;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.sc.exception.SentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.util.function.Supplier;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.core.io.buffer.DataBuffer;
import org.springframework.http.codec.HttpMessageWriter;
import org.springframework.http.codec.ServerCodecConfigurer;
import org.springframework.http.server.reactive.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.result.view.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import org.springframework.web.server.WebExceptionHandler;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * <p>title: com.wfx.sentinel</p>
 * author zhuximing
 * description:
 */

public class MySentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler  implements WebExceptionHandler {
    private List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers;
    private List<HttpMessageWriter<?>> messageWriters;
    private final Supplier<ServerResponse.Context> contextSupplier = () -> {
        return new ServerResponse.Context() {
            public List<HttpMessageWriter<?>> messageWriters() {
                return MySentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler.this.messageWriters;
            }

            public List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers() {
                return MySentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler.this.viewResolvers;
            }
        };
    };

    public MySentinelGatewayBlockExceptionHandler(List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers, ServerCodecConfigurer serverCodecConfigurer) {
        this.viewResolvers = viewResolvers;
        this.messageWriters = serverCodecConfigurer.getWriters();
    }


    //自定义异常处理
    private Mono<Void> writeResponse(ServerResponse response1, ServerWebExchange exchange) {

        ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();

        //不能放行，直接返回，返回json信息
        response.getHeaders().add("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");

        Map res = new HashMap(){{
            put("success",false);
            put("msg","系统繁忙，请稍后重试!!");
        }};

        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String jsonStr = null;
        try {
            jsonStr = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(res);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


        DataBuffer dataBuffer = response.bufferFactory().wrap(jsonStr.getBytes());

        return response.writeWith(Flux.just(dataBuffer));//响应json数据

    }

    public Mono<Void> handle(ServerWebExchange exchange, Throwable ex) {
        if (exchange.getResponse().isCommitted()) {
            return Mono.error(ex);
        } else {
            return !BlockException.isBlockException(ex) ? Mono.error(ex) : this.handleBlockedRequest(exchange, ex).flatMap((response) -> {
                return this.writeResponse(response, exchange);
            });
        }
    }

    private Mono<ServerResponse> handleBlockedRequest(ServerWebExchange exchange, Throwable throwable) {
        return GatewayCallbackManager.getBlockHandler().handleRequest(exchange, throwable);
    }
}

六：gateway跨域

由于gateway使用的是webflux，而不是springmvc，所以需要先关闭springmvc的cors，再从gateway的filter里边设置cors就行了。


import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.cors.reactive.CorsWebFilter;
import org.springframework.web.cors.reactive.UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource;
import org.springframework.web.util.pattern.PathPatternParser;

@Configuration
public class CorsConfig {
    @Bean
    public CorsWebFilter corsFilter() {
        CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration();
        config.addAllowedMethod("*");
        config.addAllowedOrigin("*");
        config.addAllowedHeader("*");

        UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource(new PathPatternParser());
        source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", config);

        return new CorsWebFilter(source);
    }
}