Cookie
会话
会话:用户打开一个窗口,点击了很多超链接,访问了许多web资源,关闭浏览器,这个过程称之为会话
有状态会话:一个同学来到教室,下次再来教室,我们会知道这个同学曾经来过,称之为有状态会话
一个网站如何证明你来过:客户端 服务端
- 服务端给客户一个 信件,客户端下次访问服务端带上信件就可以了:cookie
- 服务端登记你来过了,下次你来的时候我匹配你:session
保存会话的两种技术
cookie
- 客户端技术(响应,请求)
session
- 服务器技术,利用这个技术,可以保存用户的会话信息。我们可以把信息或数据放在Session中
常见场景:网站登陆之后,下次无需再次登录,第二次登陆将直接登陆。
实现浏览器记录上次访问时间的程序:
Java主程序:
package com.ch1.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
//保存用户上一次访问的时间
public class CookieDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//服务器,告诉你,你来的时间。把时间封装成为一个 信件 ,下次来,就知道是你来了
//三步解决中文乱码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
//cookie,服务器端从客户端获取;
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();//这里返回数组,说明cookie可能存在多个
//判断cookie是否存在
if (cookies!=null){
//如果存在怎么办
out.write("你上一次访问的时间是:");
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
//获取cookie的名字
if (cookie.getName().equals("lastLoginTime")){
//获取cookie的值
cookie.getValue();
long lastLoginTime = Long.parseLong(cookie.getValue());
Date date = new Date(lastLoginTime);
out.write(date.toLocaleString());
}
}
}else {
out.write("这是你第一次访问本站");
}
//服务器给客户端响应一个cookie
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
//cookie有效期为一天
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
一个网站cookie是否存在上限?
- 一个cookie只能保存一个信息;
- 一个web站点可以给浏览器发送多个cookie,最多存放20个cookie
- cookie有大小限制4kb
- 300个cookie浏览器上限
删除cookie:
- 不设置有效期,关闭浏览器,自动关闭
- 设置有效期时间为0
Session(重点)
什么是Session:
- 服务器会给每一个用户(浏览器)创建一个session对象;
- 一个Session独占一个浏览器,只要浏览器不关闭,这个Session就存在;
- 用户登陆之后,整个网站都可以访问该用户的登陆;保存用户的信息;保存购物车的信息…
Session和Cookie的区别:
- Cookie把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器,浏览器保存
- Session把用户的数据写到用户独占的Session中,服务端保存(保存重要的信息,减少服务端资源浪费)
- Session对象由服务端创建
使用场景:
- 保存一个用户登陆账号的信息;
- 购物车信息;
- 在整个网站中,经常会使用的数据,我们将它保存在session中;
Session存数据:
package com.ch1.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//给Session存数据
session.setAttribute("name","ch1");
//获取session的ID
String sessionId = session.getId();
//判断session是不是新创建的
if (session.isNew()){
resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功,sessionId为:"+sessionId);
}else {
resp.getWriter().write("session已经在服务器中存在了,sessionId为:"+sessionId);
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
在服务器端获取信息:
package com.ch1.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
String name =(String) session.getAttribute("name");
System.out.println(name);
}
}
此外,还可以用Session存取类的信息:
package com.ch1.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//给Session存数据
session.setAttribute("name",new Person("ch1",21));
//获取session的ID
String sessionId = session.getId();
//判断session是不是新创建的
if (session.isNew()){
resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功,sessionId为:"+sessionId);
}else {
resp.getWriter().write("session已经在服务器中存在了,sessionId为:"+sessionId);
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
获取信息:
package com.ch1.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
Person person =(Person) session.getAttribute("name");
System.out.println(person.toString());
}
}
注销Session:
手动注销:
package com.ch1.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//将name取消掉
session.removeAttribute("name");
//将Session注销掉
session.invalidate();
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
另外,还可以设置session自动失效:
在web.xml中配置:
<!--设置Session自动失效时间-->
<session-config>
<!--十五分钟后,Session自动失效-->
<session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
</session-config>