Servlet-Context

ServletContext

ServletContext对象

Web容器在启动的时候，它会为每个web程序都创建一个ServletContext对象，它代表了当前的web应用

1. 共享数据

我在这个Servlet中保存的数据，可以在另外一个Servlet中使用

HelloServlet:

package com.ch1.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();//创建ServletContext对象
        String username = "ch1";
        context.setAttribute("username",username);//将一个数据保存在了ServletContext中，名字为：username

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

GetServlet:

package com.ch1.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();//取到ServletContext对象
        String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");

        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//这两步用来使中文可识别
        resp.getWriter().print("名字："+username);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

​ 运行时，先运行localhost:8080/hello页面，让HelloServlet执行，设置username的值；然后再运行localhost:8080/get页面，即可得到存在ServletContext中的数据，得到 名字：ch1

2. 获取初始化参数

​ 我们可以现在web.xml文件中配置初始化参数

<!--配置一些web应用的初始化参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>url</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
    </context-param>

​ 然后可以创建一个类，来获取该初始化参数

//(部分代码)
public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }

​ 同样的，web.xml中添加映射路径

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>url</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.ch1.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>url</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/url</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

​ 最后从localhost:8080/url路径可以得到

3. 请求转发

​ 创建一个类，来获得请求转发

public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        context.getRequestDispatcher("/hello").forward(req,resp);
        //获得/hello路径下的内容并显示，url不变
  
    }

​ 背景：用户想要获取Hello的资源却又无法直接调用Hello

​ 同样的，web.xml中添加映射路径

	<servlet>
        <servlet-name>demo04</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.ch1.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>demo04</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/demo04</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

​ 最后从localhost:8080/demo04路径可以得到localhost:8080/hello的资源

4. 读取资源文件

​ 首先，创建一个资源项，如我们这里存放的时账号密码

​ 然后，我们创建一个类，创建Properties对象

​ 我们通过

	InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");

​ 来获取资源项，注意：/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties为资源项目在target目录下的路径 (如果没有可以使用Maven来clean一下再连接服务器即可)

​ 引入Properties类：

public class ServletDemo05 extends HelloServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");

        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String user = prop.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = prop.getProperty("password");

        resp.getWriter().print("username:"+user);
        resp.getWriter().print("\n");
        resp.getWriter().print("password:"+pwd);

    }

​ 同样的，web.xml中添加映射路径

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>demo05</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.ch1.servlet.ServletDemo05</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>demo05</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/demo05</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

​ 最后从localhost:8080/demo05路径可以得到