servlet的体系结构

Servlet的体系结构

GenericServlet：将Servlet接口中其他的方法做了默认空实现，只将service()方法作为抽象

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//

package javax.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Enumeration;

public abstract class GenericServlet implements Servlet, ServletConfig, Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private transient ServletConfig config;

    public GenericServlet() {
    }

    public void destroy() {
    }

    public String getInitParameter(String name) {
        return this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter(name);
    }

    public Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames() {
        return this.getServletConfig().getInitParameterNames();
    }

    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return this.config;
    }

    public ServletContext getServletContext() {
        return this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();
    }

    public String getServletInfo() {
        return "";
    }

    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        this.config = config;
        this.init();
    }

    public void init() throws ServletException {
    }

    public void log(String msg) {
        this.getServletContext().log(this.getServletName() + ": " + msg);
    }

    public void log(String message, Throwable t) {
        this.getServletContext().log(this.getServletName() + ": " + message, t);
    }

    public abstract void service(ServletRequest var1, ServletResponse var2) throws ServletException, IOException;

    public String getServletName() {
        return this.config.getServletName();
    }
}

将来定义Servlet类时，可以继承GenericServlet，实现service()方法即可.其他方法可以自愿实现。

package com.yuaxninyi.servlet;

import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/demo2")
public class ServletDemo2 extends GenericServlet {
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo2");
    }
}

HttpServlet：对http协议的一种封装，简化操作

HttpServet源码中的service方法：

 protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String method = req.getMethod();
        long lastModified;
        if (method.equals("GET")) {
            lastModified = this.getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1L) {
                this.doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince;
                try {
                    ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since");
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException var9) {
                    ifModifiedSince = -1L;
                }

                if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified / 1000L * 1000L) {
                    this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    this.doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(304);
                }
            }
        } else if (method.equals("HEAD")) {
            lastModified = this.getLastModified(req);
            this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            this.doHead(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("POST")) {
            this.doPost(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("PUT")) {
            this.doPut(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("DELETE")) {
            this.doDelete(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("OPTIONS")) {
            this.doOptions(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("TRACE")) {
            this.doTrace(req, resp);
        } else {
            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[]{method};
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
            resp.sendError(501, errMsg);
        }

    }

	1. 定义类继承HttpServlet
	2. 复写doGet/doPost方法

package com.yuaxninyi.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/demo3")
public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doget");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("dopost");
    }
}

通过浏览器直接请求是get方式，所以打印doget
定义一个login.html,写一个post的请求

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/demo3" method="post">
        <input name="username">
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>

</body>
</html>

重新启动服务器，访问http://localhost:8080/login.html
输入文本后提交然后跳转到/demo3的页面，控制台打印dopost

如果将请求方式改为get，跳转到/demo3的url是带参数的，控制台打印doget

总结：定义Servlet的三种方式

1. 实现接口Servlet
2. 继承GenericServlet（要处理前端的请求的话还需要识别是哪一种请求）
3. 继承HttpServlet方法（推荐使用）

Servlet的相关配置

urlpartten:Servlet访问路径
1. 一个Servlet可以定义多个访问路径 ：

@WebServlet({"/d4","/demo4","/dd4"})

2. 路径定义规则：
   /xxx：路径匹配

@WebServlet("/demo4")

/xxx/xxx:多层路径，目录结构

@WebServlet("/user/demo4")

@WebServlet("/user/*")

/*的访问级别是特别低的，当别的都访问不到了才会访问它

@WebServlet("/*")

4. *.do：扩展名匹配

@WebServlet("*.do")

访问的时候可以是localhost:8080/demo4.do,注意*前面不要加/