一主一从
- 准备两台服务器(以53为主,54为从)
- 启动主服务器binlog日志
vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf [mysqld] server-id=53 //指定主服务器的server-id为53 log-bin=mysql53 //修改binlog日志命名 :wq systemctl restart mysqld //重载mysqld服务,使得以上配置生效 - 创建"复制/同步用户"并授权
[root@mysql53 ~]# mysql mysql> create user repluser@"%" identified by "123qqq...A"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec) mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@"%"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) - 修改从服务器的server-id为54,方便后续主从同步
[root@mysql54 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf [mysqld] server-id=54 :wq [root@mysql54 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld - 为从服务器指定主服务器的信息
[root@mysql54 ~]# mysql mysql> change master to master_host="192.168.88.53" , master_user="repluser" , master_password="123qqq...A" ,master_log_file="mysql53.000001" , master_log_pos=667; // 其中的master_log_file和master_log_pos记录保持主服务器binlog日志记录 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 8 warnings (0.34 sec) mysql> start slave ; //启动slave进程 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec) mysql> show slave status \G //查看状态信息 *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event Master_Host: 192.168.88.53 //主服务器 Master_User: repluser //指定的数据同步用户 Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql53.000001 //主服务器binlog信息 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 667 Relay_Log_File: mysql54-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 322 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql53.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes //IO线程 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //SQL线程 - 测试
给主服务器添加测试用户(plj)并授予权限[root@mysql53 ~]# mysql mysql> create user plj@"%" identified by "123456"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec) mysql> grant all on gamedb.* to plj@"%" ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec) mysql> create database gamedb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.24 sec) mysql> create table gamedb.user(name char(10) , class char(3)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.71 sec) mysql> insert into gamedb.user values ("yaya","nsd"); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec) mysql> select * from gamedb.user; +------+-------+ | name | class | +------+-------+ | yaya | nsd | +------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql>从服务器查看数据
[root@mysql50 ~]# mysql -h192.168.88.54 -uplj -p123456 –e ‘select * from gamedb.user’ +------+-------+ | name | class | +------+-------+ | yaya | nsd | +------+-------+ [root@mysql54 ~]#
一主多从
创建思路同上类似,需要对新的从服务器指定主服务器的信息
主从从
创建思路同上类似,需要对新的从从服务器指定从服务器的信息
读写分离
原理
利用mycat中间件软件提供读写分离功能,一主一从结构实现数据同步/复制,客户端登录mycat服务,访问对应数据库,发送sql请求,交给主master服务器处理写入,收到sql读请求时,交给slave服务器读数据.
步骤
- 搭建一主一从结构(实现主从之间的数据复制/同步)
如:56主57从58为mycat服务器 - 对58部署mycat服务并配置
mycat软件包//安装jdk [root@mycat58 upload]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 //安装解压命令 [root@mycat58 upload]# which unzip || yum -y install unzip //安装mycat [root@mycat58 upload]# unzip mycat2-install-template-1.21.zip [root@mycat58 upload]# mv mycat /usr/local/ //安装依赖 [root@mycat58 upload]# cp mycat2-1.21-release-jar-with-dependencies.jar /usr/local/mycat/lib/ //修改权限 [root@mycat58 upload]# chmod -R 777 /usr/local/mycat/ //定义连接mycat服务使用的用户以及密码 [root@mycat58 ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/users/root.user.json { "dialect":"mysql", "ip":null, "password":"654321", 密码 "transactionType":"proxy", "username":"mycat" 用户名 } :wq //定义连接的数据库服务器 [root@mycat58 ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/datasources/prototypeDs.data { "dbType":"mysql", "idleTimeout":60000, "initSqls":[], "initSqlsGetConnection":true, "instanceType":"READ_WRITE", "maxCon":1000, "maxConnectTimeout":3000, "maxRetryCount":5, "minCon":1, "name":"prototypeDs", "password":"123456", 密码 "type":"JDBC", "url":"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&characterEncoding=UTF-8", 连接本机的数据库服务 "user":"plj", 用户名 "weight":0 } :wq //在mycat服务器上运行数据库服务 [root@mycat58 ~]# yum -y install mysql-server mysql 安装软件 [root@mycat58 ~]# systemctl start mysqld 启动服务 [root@mycat58 ~]# mysql 连接服务 mysql> create user plj@"%" identified by "123456"; 创建plj用户 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> grant all on *.* to plj@"%" ; 授予权限 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.39 sec) mysql> exit 断开连接 Bye //启动mycat服务 [root@mycat58 ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat help Usage: /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat { console | start | stop | restart | status | dump } [root@mycat58 ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start Starting mycat2... //半分钟左右 能看到端口 [root@mycat58 ~]# netstat -utnlp | grep 8066 tcp6 0 0 :::8066 :::* LISTEN 57015/java //连接mycat服务 [root@mycat58 ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -umycat -p654321 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | `Database` | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.11 sec) //在mysql服务器上配置读写分离 //添加数据源 MySQL> /*+ mycat:createdatasource{ "name":"whost56", "url":"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.56:3306","user":"plja","password":"123456"}*/; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.25 sec) //添加mysql57数据库服务器 Mysql>/*+ mycat:createdatasource{ "name":"rhost57", "url":"jdbc:mysql://192.168.88.57:3306","user":"plja","password":"123456"}*/; //查看数据源 mysql> /*+mycat:showDataSources{}*/ \G //添加的数据源以文件的形式保存在安装目录下 [root@mycat58 conf]# ls /usr/local/mycat/conf/datasources/ prototypeDs.datasource.json rhost57.datasource.json whost56.datasource.json //在主服务器添加plja用户 [root@mysql56 ~]# mysql mysql> create user plja@"%" identified by "123456"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) mysql> grant all on *.* to plja@"%"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql>exit [root@mysql56 ~]# //在slave服务器查看是否同步成功 [root@mysql57 ~]# mysql -e 'select user , host from mysql.user where user="plja"' +------+------+ | user | host | +------+------+ | plja | % | +------+------+ //创建集群 [root@mycat58 ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -umycat -p654321 //创建集群 mysql>/*!mycat:createcluster{ "name":"rwcluster", "masters":["whost56"], "replicas":["rhost57"] }*/ ; Mysql> //查看集群信息 mysql> /*+ mycat:showClusters{}*/ \G //创建的集群以文件的形式保存在目录下 [root@mycat58 conf]# ls /usr/local/mycat/conf/clusters/ prototype.cluster.json rwcluster.cluster.json //修改master角色主机仅负责写访问 [root@mycat58 ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/datasources/whost56.datasource.json {"instanceType":"WRITE", 仅负责写访问} //修改slave角色主机仅负责读访问 [root@mycat58 ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/datasources/rhost57.datasource.json { instanceType":"READ",仅负责读访问 } //修改读策略 [root@mycat58 ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/clusters/rwcluster.cluster.json { "readBalanceType":"BALANCE_ALL_READ",} //获取集群中允许读的数据源 //重启mycat服务 [root@mycat58 ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat restart - 测试
//连接mycat服务,创建testdb测试数据库,并指定该数据库使用的集群 [root@mycat58 ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P8066 -umycat -p654321 mysql> create database testdb; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec) mysql> exit Bye //指定testdb库存储数据使用的集群 [root@mycat58 ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/schemas/testdb.schema.json { "customTables":{}, "globalTables":{}, "normalProcedures":{}, "normalTables":{}, "schemaName":"testdb", "targetName":"rwcluster", 添加此行,之前创建的集群名rwcluster "shardingTables":{}, "views":{} } :wq //重启mycat,使得上配置生效 [root@mycat58 ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat restart //连接mycat数据库服务,并在testdb插入数据,可见主从都有插入的数据 //另外连接从服务器并插入数据,而主服务器没有该数据,mycat可以查看到该数据.
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