String类型操作实践

String类型操作实践

字符串类型是redis中最简单的数据类型，它存储的值可以是字符串，其最大字符串长度支持到512M。基于此类型，可以实现博客的字数统计，将日志不断追加到指定key，实现一个分布式自增iid，实现一个博客的的点赞操作等

incr/incrby

当存储的字符串是整数时，redis提供了一个实用的命令INCR，其作用是让当前键值递增，并返回递增后的值。
语法：INCR key

127.0.0.1:6379> set num 1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> incr num
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "num"	
127.0.0.1:6379> incr num
127.0.0.1:6379>

说明，如果num不存在，则自动会创建，如果存在自动+1。

语法：INCRBY key increment

127.0.0.1:6379> incrby num 2
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> incrby num 2
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> incrby num 2
(integer) 9
127.0.0.1:6379>

decr/decrby

减少指定的整数
DECR key 按照默认步长(默认为1)进行递减
DECRBY key decrement 按照指定步长进行递减

127.0.0.1:6379> incr num
(integer) 10
127.0.0.1:6379> decr num
(integer) 9
127.0.0.1:6379> decrby num 3

append

向尾部追加值。如果键不存在则创建该键，其值为写的value，即相当于SET key value。返回值是追加后字符串的总长度。
语法：APPEND key value

127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "num"
2) "test1"
3) "test"
127.0.0.1:6379> get test
"123"
127.0.0.1:6379> append test "abc"
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> get test
"123abc"
127.0.0.1:6379>

strlen

字符串长度，返回数据的长度，如果键不存在则返回0。注意，如果键值为空串，返回也是0。
语法：STRLEN key

127.0.0.1:6379> get test
"123abc"
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen test
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen tnt
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> set tnt ""
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen tnt
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> exists tnt
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379>

mset/mget

同时设置/获取多个键值
语法：MSET key value [key value …]
MGET key [key …]

127.0.0.1:6379> flushall
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> mset a 1 b 2 c 3
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> mget a b c
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379>

Hash类型应用实践

hset/hget
1.HSET和HGET赋值和取值

127.0.0.1:6379> hset user username chenchen
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hget user username
"chenchen"
127.0.0.1:6379> hset user username chen
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> keys user
1) "user"
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall user
1) "username"
2) "chen"
127.0.0.1:6379> 
127.0.0.1:6379> hset user age 18
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hset user address "xi'an"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall user
1) "username"
2) "chen"
3) "age"
4) "18"
3) "address"
4) "xi'an"
127.0.0.1:6379>

HSET命令不区分插入和更新操作，当执行插入操作时HSET命令返回1，当执行更新操作时返回0。

hincrby

127.0.0.1:6379> hdecrby article total 1		#执行会出错
127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby article total -1		#没有hdecrby自减命令
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hget article total			#获取值

hmset/hmget

HMSET和HMGET设置和获取对象属性

127.0.0.1:6379> hmset person username tony age 18
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget person age username
1) "18"
2) "tony"
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall person
1) "username"
2) "tony"
3) "age"
4) "18"
127.0.0.1:6379>

hexists

属性是否存在
127.0.0.1:6379> hexists killer
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'hexists' command
127.0.0.1:6379> hexists killer a
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> hexists user username
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hexists person age
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379>

hdel

127.0.0.1:6379> hdel user age
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall user
1) "username"
2) "chen"
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall person
1) "username"
2) "tony"
3) "age"
4) "18"
127.0.0.1:6379>

hkeys/hvals

只获取字段名HKEYS或字段值HVALS

127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys person
1) "username"
2) "age"
127.0.0.1:6379> hvals person
1) "tony"
2) "18"
2.3.8	hlen
元素个数
127.0.0.1:6379> hlen user
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hlen person
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379>

List类型应用实践

lpush

在key对应list的头部添加字符串元素

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush mylist "world"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush mylist "hello"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "world"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>

其中，Redis Lrange 返回列表中指定区间内的元素，区间以偏移量 START 和 END 指定。 其中 0 表示列表的第一个元素， 1 表示列表的第二个元素，以此类推。 你也可以使用负数下标，以 -1 表示列表的最后一个元素， -2 表示列表的倒数第二个元素，以此类推

rpush

在key对应list的尾部添加字符串元素

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist2 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist2 "world"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist2 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "world"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>

del

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> del mylist

linsert

在key对应list的特定位置之前或之后添加字符串元素

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist3 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist3 "world"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> linsert mylist3 before "world" "there"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist3 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "there"
3) "world"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>

lset

设置list中指定下标的元素值(一般用于修改操作)

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist4 "one"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist4 "two"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist4 "three"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lset mylist4 0 "four"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lset mylist4 -2 "five"
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist4 0 -1
1) "four"
2) "five"
3) "three"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>

lrem

从key对应list中删除count个和value相同的元素，count>0时，按从头到尾的顺序删除

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist5 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist5 "hello"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist5 "foo"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist5 "hello"
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrem mylist5 2 "hello"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist5 0 -1
1) "foo"
2) "hello"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>
count<0时，按从尾到头的顺序删除
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist6 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist6 "hello"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist6 "foo"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist6 "hello"
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrem mylist6 -2 "hello"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist6 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "foo"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>
count=0时，删除全部
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist7 "hello"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist7 "hello"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist7 "foo"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist7 "hello"
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrem mylist7 0 "hello"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist7 0 -1
1) "foo"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>

ltrim
保留指定key 的值范围内的数据

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist8 "one"
(integer) 1
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist8 "two"
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist8 "three"
(integer) 3
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist8 "four"
(integer) 4
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ltrim mylist8 1 -1
OK
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist8 0 -1
1) "two"
2) "three"
3) "four"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>

lpop

从list的头部删除元素，并返回删除元素

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "world"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lpop mylist
"hello"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "world"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>

rpop

从list的尾部删除元素，并返回删除元素：

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist2 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "world"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> rpop mylist2
"world"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist2 0 -1
1) "hello"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>

llen

返回key对应list的长度：

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> llen mylist5
(integer) 2
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>

lindex

返回名称为key的list中index位置的元素：

redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist5 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "foo"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex mylist5 0
"three"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lindex mylist5 1
"foo"
redis 127.0.0.1:6379>

rpoplpush

从第一个list的尾部移除元素并添加到第二个list的头部,最后返回被移除的元素值，整个操作是原子的.如果第一个list是空或者不存在返回nil：
rpoplpush lst1 lst1
rpoplpush lst1 lst2

Set类型应用实践

sadd

添加元素，重复元素添加失败，返回0

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd name tony
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd name hellen
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd name rose
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd name rose
(integer) 0

smembers

获取内容

127.0.0.1:6379> smembers name

spop

移除并返回集合中的一个随机元素

127.0.0.1:6379> smembers internet
1) "amoeba"
2) "redis"
3) "rabbitmq"
4) "nginx"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop internet
"rabbitmq"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop internet
"nginx"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers internet
1) "amoeba"
2) "redis"

scard

获取成员个数

127.0.0.1:6379> scard name
(integer) 3

smove

移动一个元素到另外一个集合

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd internet amoeba nginx redis
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd bigdata hadopp spark rabbitmq
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers internet
1) "amoeba"
2) "redis"
3) "nginx"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers bigdata
1) "hadopp"
2) "spark"
3) "rabbitmq"
127.0.0.1:6379> smove bigdata internet rabbitmq
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers internet
1) "amoeba"
2) "redis"
3) "rabbitmq"
4) "nginx"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers bigdata
1) "hadopp"
2) "spark"
127.0.0.1:6379>

sunion

并集

127.0.0.1:6379> sunion internet bigdata
1) "redis"
2) "nginx"
3) "rabbitmq"
4) "amoeba"
5) "hadopp"
6) "spark"