作业题
8
推一推即可发现周期性。
Q
0
Q_0
Q0 =
α
\alpha
α
Q
1
Q_1
Q1 =
β
\beta
β
Q
2
Q_2
Q2 =
1
+
β
α
\frac{1+\beta }{\alpha }
α1+β
Q
3
Q_3
Q3 =
1
+
α
+
β
α
∗
β
\frac{1+\alpha + \beta}{\alpha*\beta}
α∗β1+α+β
Q
4
Q_4
Q4 =
1
+
α
β
\frac{1 + \alpha}{\beta}
β1+α
Q
5
Q_5
Q5 =
α
\alpha
α
Q
6
Q_6
Q6 =
β
\beta
β
∴ \therefore ∴ Q n Q_n Qn = Q n m o d    5 Q_{n\mod5} Qnmod5
9
a
证明
P
(
n
)
→
P
(
n
−
1
)
P(n) \rightarrow P(n-1)
P(n)→P(n−1)
x
n
x_n
xn =
∑
1
n
−
1
x
i
n
−
1
\frac{\sum_{1}^{n-1} x_i}{n-1}
n−1∑1n−1xi
P
(
n
)
:
x
1
…
x
n
≤
(
∑
1
n
x
i
n
)
n
P(n) : x_1…x_n\leq {\left(\frac{\sum_{1}^{n}x_i}{n}\right)}^{n}
P(n):x1…xn≤(n∑1nxi)n
将
x
n
x_n
xn代入不等式右边,
得
x
1
…
x
n
−
1
∗
x
n
≤
(
∑
1
n
−
1
x
i
n
−
1
)
n
x_1…x_{n-1}*x_n \leq {\left(\frac{\sum_{1}^{n-1}x_i}{n-1}\right)}^{n}
x1…xn−1∗xn≤(n−1∑1n−1xi)n
若
x
n
=
0
x_n = 0
xn=0不等式显然成立。
若
x
n
=
̸
0
{x_n} =\not0
xn≠0不等式两边同除
x
n
x_n
xn,得
x
1
…
x
n
−
1
≤
(
∑
1
n
−
1
x
i
n
−
1
)
n
−
1
x_1…x_{n-1}\leq {\left(\frac{\sum_{1}^{n-1}x_i}{n-1}\right)}^{n-1}
x1…xn−1≤(n−1∑1n−1xi)n−1
即
P
(
n
−
1
)
P(n-1)
P(n−1).
b
证明
P
(
n
)
P(n)
P(n)蕴含
P
(
2
n
)
P(2n)
P(2n)
1
2
log
n
(
x
1
…
x
2
n
)
=
1
2
log
n
(
x
1
…
x
n
)
+
1
2
log
n
(
x
n
+
1
…
x
2
n
)
\frac{1}{2}\log_{n}{(x_1…x_{2n})} =\frac{1}{2}\log_{n}{(x_1…x_n)} + \frac{1}{2}\log_{n}{(x_{n+1}…x_{2n})}
21logn(x1…x2n)=21logn(x1…xn)+21logn(xn+1…x2n)
∵
P
(
n
)
\because P(n)
∵P(n)成立,推
1
2
log
n
(
x
1
…
x
2
n
)
≤
∑
1
n
x
i
2
n
+
∑
n
+
1
2
n
x
i
2
n
\frac{1}{2}\log_{n}{(x_1…x_{2n})} \leq \frac{\sum_{1}^{n}x_i}{2n}+ \frac{ \sum_{n+1}^{2n}x_i }{2n}
21logn(x1…x2n)≤2n∑1nxi+2n∑n+12nxi
即
1
2
log
n
(
x
1
…
x
2
n
)
≤
∑
1
2
n
x
i
2
n
\frac{1}{2}\log_{n}{(x_1…x_{2n})} \leq \frac{\sum_{1}^{2n}x_i} {2n}
21logn(x1…x2n)≤2n∑12nxi
即
x
1
…
x
2
n
≤
(
∑
1
2
n
x
i
2
n
)
2
n
x_1…x_{2n}\leq { \left ( \frac{\sum_{1}^{2n}x_i}{2n}\right)} ^{2n}
x1…x2n≤(2n∑12nxi)2n
故
P
(
n
)
P(n)
P(n)蕴含
P
(
2
n
)
P(2n)
P(2n)
c
数学归纳法即可
n
=
2
n = 2
n=2 时,成立,
假设
n
=
k
n = k
n=k时成立
当
n
=
k
+
1
n = k + 1
n=k+1时,若
n
n
n为偶数,因为命题
P
(
n
/
2
)
P(n/2)
P(n/2)成立,则命题
P
(
n
)
P(n)
P(n)成立;若
n
n
n为奇数,存在一小于
n
n
n的整数
m
=
n
+
1
2
m = \frac{n+1}{2}
m=2n+1,有
P
(
m
)
P(m)
P(m)成立,故
P
(
2
m
)
P(2m)
P(2m)成立,所以
P
(
2
m
−
1
)
P(2m-1)
P(2m−1)即
P
(
n
)
P(n)
P(n)成立
故蕴含了
P
(
n
)
P(n)
P(n)对所有
n
n
n为真