什么是hibernate
ORM框架/持久层框架 jdbc的一个框架
object reference mapping的缩写
通过管理对象来改变数据库中的数据
通过管理对象来操作数据库
new person()
dao dao
jdbc hibernate
jdbc
优势:跨数据库的无缝移植(不需要写sql,调用方法就行)
以前:
1、加载驱动
2、建立连接
3、获取预定义处理对象 preparestatment
4、执行sql
5、处理结果集
6、关闭
如何在项目中添加hibernate支持(手动添加)
1. 添加hibernate相关依赖
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version>
<hibernate.version>5.3.0.Final</hibernate.version>
<mysql.driver.version>5.1.46</mysql.driver.version>
</properties>
(在外面锁定版本在下面应用)
在上面声明一个变量,在下面引用。好处:方便修改,只需要修改上面声明好的,下面的就会随之改变
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.myy</groupId>
<artifactId>my_hibernate</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>my_hibernate Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version>
<hibernate.version>5.3.0.Final</hibernate.version>
<mysql.driver.version>5.1.46</mysql.driver.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.driver.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>my_hibernate</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
<target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
<encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.添加Hibernate的配置
默认有1+n的配置文件。有一个是主配置文件,还有n个副配置文件(和实体类数量有关系,专业称为‘映射文件’)。
创建hibernate.cfg.xml(主配置文件)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_xm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- 配置本地事务(No CurrentSessionContext configured!) -->
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
<mapping resource="com/myy/one/entity/User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
User
package com.myy.one.entity;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String userName;
private String userPwd;
private String realName;
private String sex;
private Date birthday;
private Timestamp createDatetime;
private String remark;
public User(String userName, String userPwd, String realName, String sex, Date birthday, Timestamp createDatetime,
String remark) {
super();
this.userName = userName;
this.userPwd = userPwd;
this.realName = realName;
this.sex = sex;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
this.remark = remark;
}
public User() {
super();
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getUserPwd() {
return userPwd;
}
public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) {
this.userPwd = userPwd;
}
public String getRealName() {
return realName;
}
public void setRealName(String realName) {
this.realName = realName;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public Timestamp getCreateDatetime() {
return createDatetime;
}
public void setCreateDatetime(Timestamp createDatetime) {
this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
}
public String getRemark() {
return remark;
}
public void setRemark(String remark) {
this.remark = remark;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", userName=" + userName + ", userPwd=" + userPwd + ", realName=" + realName + ", sex="
+ sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", createDatetime=" + createDatetime + ", remark=" + remark + "]";
}
}
对应映射文件(类名.hbm.xml)
hbm是hibernate mapping
User.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<!--
class标签下的属性
name:指的是数据库中的表所映射的类的全路径名
table:要映射的数据库表
id标签:是用来表示主键的映射列
name:数据库表的烈段映射到实体类中的属性名
type:属性名的类型
colum:数据库中的列段
property标签:
name:数据库表的烈段映射到实体类中的属性名
type:属性名的类型
colum:数据库中的列段
-->
<class name="com.myy.one.entity.User" table="t_hibernate_user">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="userName" type="java.lang.String" column="user_name">
</property>
<property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String" column="user_pwd">
</property>
<property name="realName" type="java.lang.String" column="real_name">
</property>
<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String" column="sex">
</property>
<property name="birthday" type="java.sql.Date" column="birthday">
</property>
<property insert="false" update="false" name="createDatetime"
type="java.sql.Timestamp" column="create_datetime">
</property>
<property name="remark" type="java.lang.String" column="remark">
</property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
小结:hibernate.cfg.xml(1)/*.hbm.xml(N)
实体映射文件一定要加到核心配置文件
查询:QueryDemo
package com.myy.one.test;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
* 演示hibernate查询
*
* @author myy
*
*/
public class QueryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*
* 1.对hibernate.cfg.xml这个核心的配置文件进行建模
* 2.建模后的对象去获取sessionfactory对象,sessionfactory对象中包含了数据库相关信息
* 3.通过sessionfactory对象去获取session会话
* 4.session开启事务(查询中是不需要)
* 5.操作数据库
* 6.提交事务(查询中是不需要)
* 7.释放资源
*/
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
List list = session.createQuery("from User").list();
for (Object obj : list) {
System.out.println(obj);
}
session.close();
}
}
运行结果打印:
新增:AddDemo
package com.myy.one.test;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.myy.one.entity.User;
/**
* 演示hibernate新增
*
* @author myy
*
*/
public class AddDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
//开事务
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//创建对象
User user = new User("xy", "123", "小媛", "女", new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()), new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()), "暴瘦暴富");
//保存
session.save(user);
//提交事务
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
运行结果打印:
新增成功
修改:EditDemo
package com.myy.one.test;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.myy.one.entity.User;
/**
* 演示hibernate修改
*
* @author myy
*
*/
public class EditDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
//开事务
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//创建对象
// 第一种修改方式
// User user = new User("xwz", "123", "小丸子", "女", new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()), new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()), "樱桃小丸子");
// user.setId(15);
// session.update(user);
// 第二种
//先查出来
User user = session.get(User.class, 15);
user.setRealName("咸蛋超人biubiu");
System.out.println(user);
//提交事务
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
运行结果打印:
修改成功
第二种运行结果打印:
通过操作对象来操作数据库.
先查再改 局部修改
删除:DelDemo
package com.myy.one.test;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.myy.one.entity.User;
/**
* 演示hibernate修改
*
* @author myy
*
*/
public class DelDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
//开事务
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//创建对象
User user = new User();
user.setId(15);
session.delete(user);
//提交事务
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
运行结果打印:
删除成功:
delete(先查再删除,保证程序的健壮性)
User u = (User) session.get(User.class,99);
if(null!=u){
session.delete(u);//比如id=99不存在,直接删除就会报错
}
如何使用hibernate完成CRUD操作
1. CRUD操作步骤
1.1 读取配置
1.2 创建SessionFactory
1.3 打开Session
1.4 开启事务
1.5 CURD
1.6 提交事务/回滚事务
1.7 关闭Session
2 注意事项
2.1 hibernate默认使用的是手动事务,因此必须显示的开启和提交事务
2.2 删除操作时,必须先查再删
SessionFactory对象的创建代价很昂贵,它是线程安全的对象,它为所有的应用程序线程所共享。它只创建一次,通常是在应用程序启动的时候,由一个Configuraion的实例来创建
Session对象的创建代价比较小,是非线程安全的,对于单个请求,单个会话、单个的 工作单元而言,它只被使用一次,然后就丢弃。只有在需要的时候,一个Session对象 才会获取一个JDBC的Connection(或一个Datasource) 对象,因此假若不使用的时候它不消费任何资源。
Hibernate3.3.2版本中getSession().connection()已被弃用,hibernate4中官方推荐使用Session doWork()方法进行jdbc操作