hibernate关联关系（一对多）
1.什么是关联(association)
- 关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。例如：
t_hibernate_order
t_hibernate_order_item
一个订单对应多个订单项
class Order{
private List<OrderItem> orderItems;
}
class OrderItem{
private Order order;//一个订单项对应一个订单
}
订单项被定义为订单属性
class B{
private String name;
}
public class A{
private B b = new B;
public A(){}
}
hibernate:orm框架
核心思想：以面向对象的思想操作数据库(操作了对象等同于操作了数据库)
实体类—》表
属性–》字段
2.关联的分类：
关联可以分为一对一，一对多/多对一，多对多关联
关联是有方向的
订单表、订单项表
select * from t_order t,t_orderItem m where t.oid = m.oid
and .....
class Order{
private STIRNG OID;
...
private Set<OrderItem> OrderItems;
}
session.get(Order.class,1)
#关键点都在数据库中的外键上面,请好好理解下面这二句SQL和一对多及多对一的关系
#select * from Orders where cid=? //这条SQL返回客户对应的0-n个订单
#select * from Customers where customerId=? //这条SQL返回订单对应的1个客户
#通过这二条SQL不难看出,外键在这里有二个用途:查找客户的订单,查找订单对应的客户
2.案例：如何建立客户和订单一对多双向关联
- 先不建立客户和订单一对多双向关联
- 建立客户到订单的一对多关联关系
<set lazy="true" name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<key column="oid"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.myy.three.entity.OrderItem" />
</set>
- 建立订单到客户的多对一关联关系
<many-to-one name="order" class="com.javaxl.three.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
<!--1.注释 2.只读-->
<property name="cid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="cid" insert="false" update="false">
</property>
- 注意：在HIbernate当中定义实体对象的集合属性时，只能使用接口而
不能使用类
insert属性设置中主控方概念理解:
3.以客户和订单的一对多双向关联为例,讲解Set元素中的cascade|inverse|outter-join|lazy属性作用
1.lazy:默认值为true,true延迟加载,false立即加载(一般设置为true,不使用立即加载,因为影响查询性能)
2.outter-join:默认值为false,true使用左外联接查询关联的(但一般不用，因为当我们把该属性设置为true时，所有的查询语句都会默认左外联，那样性能不高)
3.inverse:默认值为false,true表示将对方设置为主控方(一对多双向关联中一般将多方设置为主控方,这样可以减少SQL语句的数量,减少多余的操作)
4.cascade:用来控制如何操作关联的持久化对象的
4.1 none:保存，更新或删除当前对象时，忽略其它关联的对象
4.2 save-update:保存、更新时级联保存所有的临时对象，并且级联更新关联的游离对象
4.3 delete:通过session的delete方法删除当前对象，级联删除关联的对象
4.4 all:等于save-update操作+delete操作
小结：
多方的CRUD与没有建立关联关系之前的操作一致
一方的CRUD与没有建立关联关系之前的操作有变化
D：删除一方之前先删除多方
C：级联操作
R：代码控制多方
4. 案例:菜单对象的一对多双向自关联
<!-- select * from t_menu where menu_id = ? -->
<many-to-one name="superMenu" class="entity.Menu" column="super_menu_id"></many-to-one>
<!-- select * from t_menu where super_menu_id = ? -->
<set name="childMenus" inverse="true" lazy="true" outer-join="false" cascade="save-update">
<key column="super_menu_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="entity.Menu" />
</set>
5. 如何将多方映射成一个有序的集合
<!-- bag元素可以映射List集合,order-by属性还可以用来排序(asc升序|desc降序)，其它和set元素的使用一样 -->
<bag name="childMenus" inverse="true" lazy="true" outer-join="false" cascade="save-update" order-by="position asc">
<key column="super_menu_id"></key>
<one-to-many class="entity.Menu" />
</bag>
代码演示：
Order
package com.myy.three.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Order {
private Integer orderId;
private String orderNo;
private List<OrderItem> orderItems=new ArrayList<OrderItem>();
private Integer initChildren = 0;//0代表默认懒加载 1.代表强制加载
public Integer getInitChildren() {
return initChildren;
}
public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
this.initChildren = initChildren;
}
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + ", orderItems=" + orderItems + "]";
}
}
OrderItem
package com.myy.three.entity;
public class OrderItem {
private Integer orderItemId;
private Integer productId;
private Integer quantity;
private Integer oid;
private Order order;
public Integer getOrderItemId() {
return orderItemId;
}
public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
}
public Integer getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
public Integer getQuantity() {
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public Integer getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(Integer oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity + ", oid="
+ oid + ", order=" + order + "]";
}
}
所有的属性都应该交给映射文件管理。一个订单项对应一个订单。订单项和订单的关系是多对一。
Order.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.myy.three.entity.Order" table="t_hibernate_order">
<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
</property>
<!--
bag标签
name：当前要映射的类的关联属性名
cascade:维护关联关系
inverse:决定由谁来维护关联关系
lazy="false"立即加载
key标签
column:表的外键对应的烈段
one-to-many：
class:关联属性对应的类的全路径名
-->
<bag lazy="false" name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true" >
<key column="oid"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.myy.three.entity.OrderItem"/>
</bag>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
OrderItem.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.myy.three.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
<id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
</property>
<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
</property>
<!--
insert="false" update="false" 的添加是告诉hibernate框架当前的name="oid"的属性放弃对oid的列段维护
-->
<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
</property>
<!--
many-to-one:多对一的配置(因为多个订单项对应一个订单)
name:指的是类当前所要映射的类com.myy.three.entity.OrderItem的关联属性order
class:指的是关联属性的类别(全路径名)
column:这里是从表的外键
-->
<many-to-one name="order" class="com.myy.three.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
DemoDao
package com.myy.three.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.myy.three.entity.Order;
import com.myy.three.entity.OrderItem;
import com.myy.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class DemoDao {
/**
* 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
* 讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
// 获取session
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
// 获取事务
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
// 保存数据
Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
// 提交事务
transaction.commit();
// 关闭资源
session.close();
return oid;
}
public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return otid;
}
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
* 1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
// 强制加载关联属性
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
public List<Order> getOrderList() {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
/**
* z主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
* @param order
*/
public void delOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
session.delete(oi);
}
session.delete(order2);
// session.delete(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
JUnit：DemoDaoTest
package com.myy.three.dao;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.myy.three.entity.Order;
import com.myy.three.entity.OrderItem;
public class DemoDaoTest {
private DemoDao demoDao = new DemoDao();
/**
* 添加订单的同时添加订单项
*/
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderNo("购物001");
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
OrderItem oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(10+i);
oi.setQuantity(20+i);
// demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);
order.getOrderItems().add(oi);
oi.setOrder(order);
}
demoDao.addOrder(order);
}
/**
* 添加订单
*/
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {
OrderItem oi = new OrderItem();
oi.setProductId(66);
oi.setQuantity(66);
// 绑定到订单
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
oi.setOrder(order);
// 添加订单项
demoDao.addOrderItem(oi);
}
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
// 设置强制加载
order.setInitChildren(1);
Order o = demoDao.getOrder(order);
// 懒加载失败一个集合
// failed to lazily initialize a collection of role:
// com.myy.three.entity.Order.orderItems, could not initialize proxy - no Session
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems().size());
}
@Test
public void testGetOrderList() {
List<Order> orderList = demoDao.getOrderList();
for (Order order : orderList) {
System.out.println(order.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(order.getOrderItems().size());
}
}
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(11);
this.demoDao.delOrder(order);
}
}
核心配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 1. 数据库相关 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_xm?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
</property>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- 配置本地事务（No CurrentSessionContext configured!） -->
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- 2. 调试相关 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 3. 添加实体映射文件 -->
<mapping resource="com/myy/one/entity/User.hbm.xml"/>
<!-- 讲解主键生产策略 -->
<mapping resource="com/myy/two/entity/Student.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/myy/two/entity/Worker.hbm.xml"/>
<!--一对多的讲解 -->
<mapping resource="com/myy/three/entity/Order.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/myy/three/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
分别测试运行结果
删除：
删除成功
同时也删除了对应的订单项：
482
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