hibernate学习小结---hibernate的关联关系映射(Association Mappings)

单向关联(Unidirectional associations)

双向关联(Bidirectional associations)

hibernate的单向与双向,体现在Java持久化类(代码)上面就是关联的一端是否拥有另一端的属性引用,体现在数据库里面就是持久化类对应的表里是否拥有另一个表的外键(先不讨论连接表join table)。但是持久化类中的属性引用的体现才是根本,hibernate封装处理时是要分析持久化类的属性及get set方法的。

hibernate的一对多,多对多等关联关系,体现在Java持久化类上面是关联实体的属性引用,体现在数据库中就是如何设置主键(primary key),应为主键是unique的,其他的不是unique的,这样就确定了一对多,多对多等关联关系。

举例如下(用Annotation管理映射关系):

一、基于外键(foreign key)的一对一单向关联:

Husband.java

package hibernate;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;

@Entity
public class Husband {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private Wife wife;
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	@OneToOne
	@JoinColumn(name="wifeId")
	public Wife getWife() {
		return wife;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public void setWife(Wife wife) {
		this.wife = wife;
	}
	
}

Wife.java

package hibernate;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class Wife {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
}

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>

    <session-factory>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate</property>
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">123456</property>
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
      
        <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->
        <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>

       
        <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>

        <!-- Disable the second-level cache  -->
        <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>

        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="format_sql">true</property>

	<mapping class="hibernate.Husband"/>
	<mapping class="hibernate.Wife"/>

    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

测试类(junit测试):

HibernateORMappingTest.java

package test;

import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
import org.junit.Test;

public class HibernateORMappingTest {

	
	@Test
	public void testSchemaExport() {
//		new SchemaExport(new AnnotationConfiguration().configure()).create(false, true);
		new SchemaExport(new AnnotationConfiguration().configure()).create(true, true);
	}
	
}

结果:

/*Table: husband*/
------------------

/*Column Information*/
----------------------

FIELD   TYPE          COLLATION        NULL    KEY     DEFAULT  Extra           PRIVILEGES                       COMMENT
------  ------------  ---------------  ------  ------  -------  --------------  -------------------------------  -------
id      INT(11)       (NULL)           NO      PRI     (NULL)   AUTO_INCREMENT  SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,REFERENCES         
NAME    VARCHAR(255)  utf8_general_ci  YES             (NULL)                   SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,REFERENCES         
wifeId  INT(11)       (NULL)           YES     MUL     (NULL)                   SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,REFERENCES         

/*Index Information*/
---------------------

TABLE    Non_unique  Key_name            Seq_in_index  Column_name  COLLATION  Cardinality  Sub_part  Packed  NULL    Index_type  COMMENT
-------  ----------  ------------------  ------------  -----------  ---------  -----------  --------  ------  ------  ----------  -------
husband           0  PRIMARY                        1  id           A                    0    (NULL)  (NULL)          BTREE              
husband           1  FKAEEA401B109E78ED             1  wifeId       A                    0    (NULL)  (NULL)  YES     BTREE              

/*DDL Information*/
-------------------

CREATE TABLE `husband` (
  `id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `wifeId` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`),
  KEY `FKAEEA401B109E78ED` (`wifeId`),
  CONSTRAINT `FKAEEA401B109E78ED` FOREIGN KEY (`wifeId`) REFERENCES `wife` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

/*Table: wife*/
---------------

/*Column Information*/
----------------------

FIELD   TYPE          COLLATION        NULL    KEY     DEFAULT  Extra           PRIVILEGES                       COMMENT
------  ------------  ---------------  ------  ------  -------  --------------  -------------------------------  -------
id      INT(11)       (NULL)           NO      PRI     (NULL)   AUTO_INCREMENT  SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,REFERENCES         
NAME    VARCHAR(255)  utf8_general_ci  YES             (NULL)                   SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,REFERENCES         

/*Index Information*/
---------------------

TABLE   Non_unique  Key_name  Seq_in_index  Column_name  COLLATION  Cardinality  Sub_part  Packed  NULL    Index_type  COMMENT
------  ----------  --------  ------------  -----------  ---------  -----------  --------  ------  ------  ----------  -------
wife             0  PRIMARY              1  id           A                    0    (NULL)  (NULL)          BTREE              

/*DDL Information*/
-------------------

CREATE TABLE `wife` (
  `id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

二、基于外键(foreign key)的一对一双向关联:

Husband.java

package hibernate2;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;

@Entity
public class Husband {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private Wife wife;
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	@OneToOne
	@JoinColumn(name="wifeId")
	public Wife getWife() {
		return wife;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public void setWife(Wife wife) {
		this.wife = wife;
	}
	
}

Wife.java

package hibernate2;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToOne;

@Entity
public class Wife {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private Husband husband;
	@OneToOne(mappedBy="wife")
	public Husband getHusband() {
		return husband;
	}
	public void setHusband(Husband husband) {
		this.husband = husband;
	}
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
}

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>

    <session-factory>

         
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate</property>
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">123456</property>
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
      

        <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->
        <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>

        

        <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>

        <!-- Disable the second-level cache  -->
        <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>

        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="format_sql">true</property>

        <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
		 -->
        
	<mapping class="hibernate2.Husband"/>
	<mapping class="hibernate2.Wife"/>

    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

测试类 (junit测试):

同上

结果:

/*Table: husband*/
------------------

/*Column Information*/
----------------------

FIELD   TYPE          COLLATION        NULL    KEY     DEFAULT  Extra           PRIVILEGES                       COMMENT
------  ------------  ---------------  ------  ------  -------  --------------  -------------------------------  -------
id      INT(11)       (NULL)           NO      PRI     (NULL)   AUTO_INCREMENT  SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,REFERENCES         
NAME    VARCHAR(255)  utf8_general_ci  YES             (NULL)                   SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,REFERENCES         
wifeId  INT(11)       (NULL)           YES     MUL     (NULL)                   SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,REFERENCES         

/*Index Information*/
---------------------

TABLE    Non_unique  Key_name            Seq_in_index  Column_name  COLLATION  Cardinality  Sub_part  Packed  NULL    Index_type  COMMENT
-------  ----------  ------------------  ------------  -----------  ---------  -----------  --------  ------  ------  ----------  -------
husband           0  PRIMARY                        1  id           A                    0    (NULL)  (NULL)          BTREE              
husband           1  FKAEEA401B109E78ED             1  wifeId       A                    0    (NULL)  (NULL)  YES     BTREE              

/*DDL Information*/
-------------------

CREATE TABLE `husband` (
  `id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `wifeId` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`),
  KEY `FKAEEA401B109E78ED` (`wifeId`),
  CONSTRAINT `FKAEEA401B109E78ED` FOREIGN KEY (`wifeId`) REFERENCES `wife` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

/*Table: wife*/
---------------

/*Column Information*/
----------------------

FIELD   TYPE          COLLATION        NULL    KEY     DEFAULT  Extra           PRIVILEGES                       COMMENT
------  ------------  ---------------  ------  ------  -------  --------------  -------------------------------  -------
id      INT(11)       (NULL)           NO      PRI     (NULL)   AUTO_INCREMENT  SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,REFERENCES         
NAME    VARCHAR(255)  utf8_general_ci  YES             (NULL)                   SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,REFERENCES         

/*Index Information*/
---------------------

TABLE   Non_unique  Key_name  Seq_in_index  Column_name  COLLATION  Cardinality  Sub_part  Packed  NULL    Index_type  COMMENT
------  ----------  --------  ------------  -----------  ---------  -----------  --------  ------  ------  ----------  -------
wife             0  PRIMARY              1  id           A                    0    (NULL)  (NULL)          BTREE              

/*DDL Information*/
-------------------

CREATE TABLE `wife` (
  `id` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8


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