python编程_从入门到实战_书籍课后练习[第8-11章]

8.1

def display_message():
    print("I am study some knowledge of function in python.")
display_message()

I am study some knowledge of function in python.

8.2

def favourite_book(title):
    print(f"One of my favourite books is {title}.")
favourite_book('The story of the stone')

One of my favourite books is The story of the stone.

8.3

def make_shirt(size,word):
    print(f"The shirt's size is {size}, and the words on it is {word}.")
make_shirt(8,6)

The shirt's size is 8, and the words on it is 6.

8.4

def make_shirt(size='large',word='I love python'):
#     if (size == None) and (word == None):
#         print(f"The shirt's size is large, and the words on it is 'I love python'.")
#     elif word == None:
#         print(f"The shirt's size is {size}, and the words on it is 'I love python'.")
#     else:
        print(f"The shirt's size is {size}, and the words on it is {word}.")
make_shirt()
make_shirt('medium')
make_shirt(8,6)

The shirt's size is large, and the words on it is I love python.
The shirt's size is medium, and the words on it is I love python.
The shirt's size is 8, and the words on it is 6.

8.5

def describe_city(city_name,country='China'):
    print(f"{city_name} is in {country}")
describe_city('shenzhen')
describe_city('Otaru','Japan')
describe_city('PuSan','Korea')

shenzhen is in China
Otaru is in Japan
PuSan is in Korea

8.6

def city_country(city,country):
    full_name = f"{city},{country}"
    return full_name
print(city_country('shenzhen','China'))
print(city_country('Otaru','Japan'))
print(city_country('PuSan','Korea'))

shenzhen,China
Otaru,Japan
PuSan,Korea

8.7

def make_album(singer,album): 
    information = {'singer':singer,'album':album}
    return information
make_album('WuQingFeng','Tomorrow will be fine')

{'singer': 'WuQingFeng', 'album': 'Tomorrow will be fine'}

def make_album(singer,album,song_number=None):
    if song_number:
        information = {'singer':singer,'album':album,'song_number':{song_number}}
    else:
        information = {'singer':singer,'album':album}
    return information
print(make_album('WuQingFeng','Tomorrow will be fine'))
print(make_album('WuQingFeng','altum','5'))

{'singer': 'WuQingFeng', 'album': 'Tomorrow will be fine'}
{'singer': 'WuQingFeng', 'album': 'altum', 'song_number': {'5'}}

8.8

def make_album(singer,album,song_number=None):
    if song_number:
        information = {'singer_name':singer,'album_name':album,'song_number':{song_number}}
    else:
        information = {'singer_name':singer,'album_name':album}
    return information

while True:
    singer = 'Please input the name of the singer: '
    singer += '\n You can input \'q\' to quit this program.'
    album = 'Please input the name of the album: '
    album += '\n You can input \'q\' to quit this program.'
    singer_name = input(singer)
    if singer_name == 'q':
        break
    album_name = input(album)
    if album_name == 'q':
        break
    
    output = make_album(singer_name,album_name)
    print(output)
    
#     print(make_album('WuQingFeng','Tomorrow will be fine'))
#     print(make_album('WuQingFeng','altum','5'))

Please input the name of the singer: 
 You can input 'q' to quit this program.wuqingfeng
Please input the name of the album: 
 You can input 'q' to quit this program.autumn
{'singer_name': 'wuqingfeng', 'album_name': 'autumn'}
Please input the name of the singer: 
 You can input 'q' to quit this program.q

8.9

messages = ['Life is like a box of chocolate.','To be or not to be, that is a question.','nothing is impossible']
def show_messages(note):
    for message in messages:
        print(message)
show_messages(messages)

Life is like a box of chocolate.
To be or not to be, that is a question.
nothing is impossible

8.10

messages = ['Life is like a box of chocolate.','To be or not to be, that is a question.','nothing is impossible']
sent_messages = []
     
def send_messages(note):
    print(f"messages:\n{messages}")
    while note:
        popped_message = note.pop()
        sent_messages.append(popped_message)
    

send_messages(messages)
print(f"messages:\n{messages}")
print(f"sent_messages:\n{sent_messages}")

messages:
['Life is like a box of chocolate.', 'To be or not to be, that is a question.', 'nothing is impossible']
messages:
[]
sent_messages:
['nothing is impossible', 'To be or not to be, that is a question.', 'Life is like a box of chocolate.']

8.11

messages = ['Life is like a box of chocolate.','To be or not to be, that is a question.','nothing is impossible']
sent_messages = []
     
def send_messages(note):
    print(f"messages:\n{note}")
    while note:
        popped_message = note.pop()
        sent_messages.append(popped_message)
    

send_messages(messages[:])
print(f"messages:\n{messages}")
print(f"sent_messages:\n{sent_messages}")

messages:
['Life is like a box of chocolate.', 'To be or not to be, that is a question.', 'nothing is impossible']
messages:
['Life is like a box of chocolate.', 'To be or not to be, that is a question.', 'nothing is impossible']
sent_messages:
['nothing is impossible', 'To be or not to be, that is a question.', 'Life is like a box of chocolate.']

8.12

def sandwishes(*name):
    print(f"The pizza you've ordered is with {name}")
sandwishes('beef','cheese','durian')
sandwishes('strawberry','watermelon')
sandwishes('fish')

The pizza you've ordered is with ('beef', 'cheese', 'durian')
The pizza you've ordered is with ('strawberry', 'watermelon')
The pizza you've ordered is with ('fish',)

8.13

def build_profile(first, last, **user_info):
    user_info['first_name'] = first
    user_info['last_name'] = last
    return user_info
user_profile = build_profile('yilia','zhu',hobby='playing the guitar',favourite_book='the story of the stone')
print(user_profile)

{'hobby': 'playing the guitar', 'favourite_book': 'the story of the stone', 'first_name': 'yilia', 'last_name': 'zhu'}

8.14

def make_car(manufacturer,model,**args):
    print(f"manufacturer is {manufacturer},model is {model},and {args}")
car = make_car('subaru','outback',color='blue',tow_package=True)
car

manufacturer is subaru,model is outback,and {'color': 'blue', 'tow_package': True}

8.15、8.16、8.17 略

9.1

class Restaurant:
    def __init__(self,restaurant_name,cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print(f'restaurant_name:{self.restaurant_name}')
        print(f'cuisine_type:{self.cuisine_type}')
        
    def open_restaurant(self):
        print('Our restaurant is open for business.')
restaurant = Restaurant('fairy','chinese')
print(restaurant.describe_restaurant())
print(restaurant.open_restaurant())

restaurant_name:fairy
cuisine_type:chinese
None
Our restaurant is open for business.
None

9.2

class Restaurant:
    def __init__(self,restaurant_name,cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print(f'{self.restaurant_name} restaurant\'s cuisine_type is {self.cuisine_type}.')
        
    def open_restaurant(self):
        print('Our restaurant is open for business.')
restaurant1 = Restaurant('fairy','chinese')
print(restaurant1.describe_restaurant())
restaurant2 = Restaurant('QuanJuDe','Peking duck')
print(restaurant2.describe_restaurant())
restaurant3 = Restaurant('YongHe','breakfast')
print(restaurant3.describe_restaurant())

fairy restaurant's cuisine_type is chinese.
None
QuanJuDe restaurant's cuisine_type is Peking duck.
None
YongHe restaurant's cuisine_type is breakfast.
None

9.3

class User:
    def __init__(self,first_name,last_name,age,sex):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.sex = sex
        self.fullname = f'{last_name}{first_name}'
        
    def describe_user(self):
        print(f'\nname:{self.fullname}\nage:{self.age}\nsex:{self.sex}\n')
        
    def greet_user(self):
        print(f'Hello {self.fullname},Good Moring!')
        
bao_yu = User('宝玉','贾','14','男')
print(bao_yu.describe_user())
print(bao_yu.greet_user())

dai_yu = User('黛玉','林','13','女')
print(dai_yu.describe_user())
print(dai_yu.greet_user())

bao_chai = User('宝钗','薛','15','女')
print(bao_chai.describe_user())
print(bao_chai.greet_user())

name:贾宝玉
age:14
sex:男

None
Hello 贾宝玉,Good Moring!
None

name:林黛玉
age:13
sex:女

None
Hello 林黛玉,Good Moring!
None

name:薛宝钗
age:15
sex:女

None
Hello 薛宝钗,Good Moring!
None

9.4

class Restaurant:
    def __init__(self,restaurant_name,cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        self.number_served = 10
        
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print(f'restaurant_name:{self.restaurant_name}')
        print(f'cuisine_type:{self.cuisine_type}')
        
    def open_restaurant(self):
        print('Our restaurant is open for business.')
        
    def set_number_served(self,number_of_dinners):
        self.number_of_dinners = number_of_dinners
        print(f'The number of dinners are {self.number_of_dinners}')
        
    def increment_number_served(self,new_number):
        self.number_of_dinners += new_number
        print(f'The number of dinners are {self.number_of_dinners} now.')
        
restaurant = Restaurant('fairy','chinese')
print(f'There are {restaurant.number_served} people eatting in {restaurant.restaurant_name}. ')
print(f'{restaurant.set_number_served(6)}')
print(f'{restaurant.increment_number_served(2)}')

There are 10 people eatting in fairy. 
The number of dinners are 6
None
The number of dinners are 8 now.
None

9.5

class User:
    def __init__(self,first_name,last_name,age,sex,login_attempts):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.sex = sex
        self.fullname = f'{last_name}{first_name}'
        self.login_attempts = login_attempts
        
    def describe_user(self):
        print(f'\nname:{self.fullname}\nage:{self.age}\nsex:{self.sex}\n')
        
    def greet_user(self):
        print(f'Hello {self.fullname},Good Moring!')
        
    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts += 1
        print(self.login_attempts)
    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts = 0
        print(self.login_attempts)
        
bao_yu = User('宝玉','贾','14','男',5)
# print(bao_yu.describe_user())
# print(bao_yu.greet_user())
print(bao_yu.increment_login_attempts())
print(bao_yu.increment_login_attempts())
print(bao_yu.increment_login_attempts())
print(bao_yu.increment_login_attempts())
print(bao_yu.increment_login_attempts())
print(bao_yu.reset_login_attempts())

6
None
7
None
8
None
9
None
10
None
0
None

9.6

class IceCreamStand(Restaurant):
    def __init__(self,flavors):
        self.flavors = flavors
        
    def show_icecream(self):
        print(self.flavors)
        
IceCreamStand = IceCreamStand(['matcha','strawberry','chocolate'])
print(IceCreamStand.show_icecream())

['matcha', 'strawberry', 'chocolate']
None

9.7

class Admin(User):
    def __init__(self,privileges):
        self.privileges = privileges
        
    def show_privileges(self):
        print(self.privileges)
        
Admin = Admin(['can add post','can delete post','can ban user'])
print(Admin.show_privileges())

['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']
None

9.8

class Privileges:
    def __init__(self,privileges=['can add post1','can delete post1','can ban user1']):
        self.privileges = privileges
        
    def show_privileges(self):
        print(self.privileges)

class Admin(User):
    def __init__(self):
        self.privileges = Privileges()
        
Admin = Admin()
print(Admin.privileges.show_privileges())

['can add post1', 'can delete post1', 'can ban user1']
None

9.9

class Battery:
    def __init__(self,battery_size=75):
        self.battery_size = battery_size
        
    def upgrad_battery(self):
        if self.battery_size != 100:
            self.battery_size = 100
        print(f'battery_size = {self.battery_size}')
    def get_range(self):
        if self.battery_size == 75:
            range = 260
        elif self.battery_size == 100:
            range = 315
        print(f'range = {range}')    
Electrical_car = Battery()
Electrical_car.get_range()
Electrical_car.upgrad_battery()
Electrical_car.get_range()

range = 260
battery_size = 100
range = 315

9.10-12 略

9.13

from random import randint
class Die:
    def __init__(self,sides=6):
        self.sides = sides
        
    def roll_die(self):
        print(f'when sides = {self.sides}, random number between[1,{self.sides}] is:{randint(1,self.sides)}')

six_sides = Die()       
i = 1
for i in range(10):        
    six_sides.roll_die()
    i += 1
    
ten_sides = Die(10)       
i = 1
for i in range(10):        
    ten_sides.roll_die()
    i += 1 
    
twenty_sides = Die(20)       
i = 1
for i in range(10):        
    twenty_sides.roll_die()
    i += 1

when sides = 6, random number between[1,6] is:6
when sides = 6, random number between[1,6] is:3
when sides = 6, random number between[1,6] is:3
when sides = 6, random number between[1,6] is:3
when sides = 6, random number between[1,6] is:3
when sides = 6, random number between[1,6] is:6
when sides = 6, random number between[1,6] is:2
when sides = 6, random number between[1,6] is:4
when sides = 6, random number between[1,6] is:2
when sides = 6, random number between[1,6] is:2
when sides = 10, random number between[1,10] is:7
when sides = 10, random number between[1,10] is:8
when sides = 10, random number between[1,10] is:8
when sides = 10, random number between[1,10] is:6
when sides = 10, random number between[1,10] is:4
when sides = 10, random number between[1,10] is:10
when sides = 10, random number between[1,10] is:6
when sides = 10, random number between[1,10] is:3
when sides = 10, random number between[1,10] is:1
when sides = 10, random number between[1,10] is:3
when sides = 20, random number between[1,20] is:12
when sides = 20, random number between[1,20] is:9
when sides = 20, random number between[1,20] is:3
when sides = 20, random number between[1,20] is:14
when sides = 20, random number between[1,20] is:3
when sides = 20, random number between[1,20] is:18
when sides = 20, random number between[1,20] is:15
when sides = 20, random number between[1,20] is:1
when sides = 20, random number between[1,20] is:5
when sides = 20, random number between[1,20] is:4

9.14

number_word = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,'a','b','c','d','e']
prize = []

i=0
while i < 4:
    index = randint(0,14)
    prize.append(number_word[index])
    i += 1
    
print(prize)

['a', 5, 0, 'e']

9.15

my_ticket = ['a', 5, 0, 'e']
n=0
prize = []
while my_ticket != prize:
    prize = []
    i=0
    while i < 4:
        index = randint(0,14)
        prize.append(number_word[index])
        i += 1
    n += 1
print(f'You will win the prize at the {n}th time of the loop')

You will win the prize at the 24923th time of the loop

10.1

with open('learning_python.txt') as L:
    contents = L.read()
    print(contents.rstrip()) # 第一次打印

In python you can do everything simply.
In python you can make work more efficiently.
In python you can know that python is very elegent.

with open('learning_python.txt') as L:
    for line in L:
        print(line.rstrip()) # 第二次按行读取并打印

In python you can do everything simply.
In python you can make work more efficiently.
In python you can know that python is very elegent.

with open('learning_python.txt') as L:
    lines = L.readlines()
    for line in lines:
        print(line.rstrip())  # 第三次将文件按行存储在列表中打印

In python you can do everything simply.
In python you can make work more efficiently.
In python you can know that python is very elegent.

10.2

message = 'I very like bao_yu'
message.replace('bao_yu','dai_yu')

'I very like dai_yu'

with open('learning_python.txt') as L:
    contents = L.read()
    print(contents.replace('python','C language'))

In C language you can do everything simply.
In C language you can make work more efficiently.
In C language you can know that C language is very elegent.

10.3

name = 'Please input your name: '

with open('guest.txt','w') as L:
    contents = L.write(input(name))

Please input your name: jone

10.4

prompt = 'Please input your name: '
name = 1
while name:
    name = input(prompt)
    
    if name == 'q':
        break
        
    print(f'Hello,{name}!')
    with open('guest_book.txt','a') as L:
        contents = L.write(f'{name}\n')

Please input your name: yilia
Hello,yilia!
Please input your name: jack
Hello,jack!
Please input your name: arial
Hello,arial!
Please input your name: q

10.5

prompt = 'Please tell me why you love programming: '
reason = 1
while reason:
    reason = input(prompt)
    if reason == 'q':
        break
        
    with open('why_I_love_programming.txt','a') as L:
        contents = L.write(f'{reason}\n')

Please tell me why you love programming: because it is quite interesting.
Please tell me why you love programming: no why.
Please tell me why you love programming: for money.
Please tell me why you love programming: hahaha
Please tell me why you love programming: q

10.6

try:
    a = int(input('Please input a number: a = '))
    b = int(input('Please input another number: b = '))
except ValueError:
    print('the input must be number but not the string!')
else:       
    print(f'a+b = {a+b}')

Please input a number: a = 5
Please input another number: b = 6
a+b = 11

10.7

while True:
    try:
        a = int(input('Please input a number: a = '))
        b = int(input('Please input another number: b = '))
    except ValueError:
        print('the input must be number but not the string!')
    else:       
        print(f'a+b = {a+b}')

Please input a number: a = 5
Please input another number: b = 6
a+b = 11
Please input a number: a = 9
Please input another number: b = p
the input must be number but not the string!
Please input a number: a = 0
Please input another number: b = 1
a+b = 1



---------------------------------------------------------------------------

KeyboardInterrupt                         Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-24-cfc312c2d183> in <module>
      1 while True:
      2     try:
----> 3         a = int(input('Please input a number: a = '))
      4         b = int(input('Please input another number: b = '))
      5     except ValueError:


D:\anaconda\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\kernelbase.py in raw_input(self, prompt)
    858                 "raw_input was called, but this frontend does not support input requests."
    859             )
--> 860         return self._input_request(str(prompt),
    861             self._parent_ident,
    862             self._parent_header,


D:\anaconda\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\kernelbase.py in _input_request(self, prompt, ident, parent, password)
    902             except KeyboardInterrupt:
    903                 # re-raise KeyboardInterrupt, to truncate traceback
--> 904                 raise KeyboardInterrupt("Interrupted by user") from None
    905             except Exception as e:
    906                 self.log.warning("Invalid Message:", exc_info=True)


KeyboardInterrupt: Interrupted by user

10.8

# 创建文件
with open('cat.txt','a') as cat:
    cat.write('paopao\n')
    cat.write('dudu\n')
    cat.write('niqiu\n')
    
with open('dog.txt','a') as dog:
    dog.write('xiaohui\n')
    dog.write('laipi\n')
    dog.write('xiaobai\n')
    

# 读取文件
try:
    with open('cat.txt') as cat:
        contents = cat.read()
        print(f'cats are:\n{contents.rstrip()}')
except FileNotFoundError:
    print('Sorry,We can not found the \'cat.txt\'')
    
    
try:
    with open('dog.txt') as dog:
        contents = dog.read()
        print(f'\ndogs are:\n{contents.rstrip()}')
except FileNotFoundError:
    print('Sorry,We can not found the \'dog.txt\'')
    

Sorry,We can not found the 'cat.txt'
Sorry,We can not found the 'dog.txt'

10.9

# 读取文件
try:
    with open('cat.txt') as cat:
        contents = cat.read()
        print(f'cats are:\n{contents.rstrip()}')
except FileNotFoundError:
    pass
    
    
try:
    with open('dog.txt') as dog:
        contents = dog.read()
        print(f'\ndogs are:\n{contents.rstrip()}')
except FileNotFoundError:
    pass
    

cats are:
paopao
dudu
niqiu

dogs are:
xiaohui
laipi
xiaobai

10.10

with open('story of the stone.txt',encoding='utf-8') as H:
    # 初始化
    count_number_baoyu = 0
    count_number_daiyu = 0
    count_number_baochai = 0
    # 读取
    lines = H.readlines()
    for line in lines:
        count_number_baoyu += line.count('寶玉')
        
        count_number_daiyu += line.count('黛玉')
        
        count_number_baochai += line.count('寶釵')
    print(f'红楼梦中，\'宝玉\'一共出现了{count_number_baoyu}次')
    print(f'红楼梦中，\'黛玉\'一共出现了{count_number_daiyu}次')
    print(f'红楼梦中，\'宝钗\'一共出现了{count_number_baochai}次')

红楼梦中，'宝玉'一共出现了3832次
红楼梦中，'黛玉'一共出现了1321次
红楼梦中，'宝钗'一共出现了1051次

10.11

import json
number = input('Please input one of your favourate numbers: ')
# 写
with open('favourate_number.txt','w') as N:
    json.dump(number,N)
# 读
with open('favourate_number.txt') as N:
    favourate_number = json.load(N)
    print(f'I know your favourate number!It\'s {favourate_number}')

Please input one of your favourate numbers: 6
I know your favourate number!It's 6

10.12

import json
number = input('Please input one of your favourate numbers: ')
# 读
with open('favourate_number.txt') as N:
    content = N.read()
    if (number in content):
        print(f'I know your favourate number!It\'s {favourate_number}')
    else:
        # 写
        with open('favourate_number.txt','w') as N:
            json.dump(number,N)
        with open('favourate_number.txt') as N:    
            favourate_number = json.load(N)
            print(f'I know your favourate number!It\'s {favourate_number}')

Please input one of your favourate numbers: 1
I know your favourate number!It's 1

10.13

import json

def get_stored_username():
    """如果存储了用户名，就获取它。"""
    filename = 'username.json'
    try:
        with open(filename) as f:
            username = json.load(f)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        return None
    else:
        return username

def get_new_username():
    """提示用户输入用户名。"""
    username = input("What is your name? ")
    filename = 'username.json'
    with open(filename, 'w') as f:
        json.dump(username, f)
    return username

def greet_user():
    """问候用户，并指出其名字。"""
    username = get_stored_username()
    if username:
        ask = input(f'Is your name is {username}? (Yes/No)')
        if (ask == 'Yes') or (ask == 'yes'):
            print(f"Welcome back, {username}!")
        else:
            username = get_new_username()
            print(f"We'll remember you when you come back, {username}!")
    else:
        username = get_new_username()
        print(f"We'll remember you when you come back, {username}!")

greet_user()

Is your name is ppp? (Yes/No)yes
Welcome back, ppp!

11.1

# city_function.py
def city_country(city,country):
    full = f'{city},{country}'
    return full
# 不能这样写：return 'city,country'  

# test_cities.py
import unittest
for city_function import city_country

class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_city_country(self):
        formatted_name = city_country('shenzhen','china')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'shenzhen,china')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

11.2

# city_function.py
def city_country(city,country,population=''):
    if population:
        full = f'{city},{country}-population {population}'
    else:
        full = f'{city},{country}'
    return full
# 不能这样写：return 'city,country'  

# test_cities.py
import unittest
for city_function import city_country

class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_city_country(self):
        formatted_name = city_country('shenzhen','china')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'shenzhen,china')
    def test_city_country_population(self):
        formatted_name = city_country('shenzhen','china',30_000)
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name,'shenzhen,china-population 30000')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

11.3

# employee.py
class Employee:
    def __init__(self,first_name,last_name,annual_salary,increase=5000):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.annual_salary = annual_salary
        self.increase = increase
    def give_raise(self):
        self.annual_salary = int(self.annual_salary) + int(self.increase)
        return self.annual_salary

a = Employee('a','b',10000,6000)
a.give_raise()

16000

# test.py
import unittest
from employee import Employee

class NameTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
#     def setup(self):
#         formatted_name = Employee('yilia','zhu','300_000','10_000')
        
    def test_give_default_raise(self):
        formatted_name = Employee('yilia','zhu','300_000')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name.give_raise(),305000)
    def test_give_custom_raise(self):
        formatted_name = Employee('yilia','zhu','300_000','10_000')
        self.assertEqual(formatted_name.give_raise(),310000)
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()