Dockerfile

概念：

Dockerfile 就是用来构建镜像的文件，命令脚本。
通过这个脚本可以生成镜像，镜像是一层层的，脚本是一个个命令的，每个命令都是一层。

创建一个dockerfile文件dockerfile01，下面是文件里的内容:

FROM centos     //以哪个为基础
VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]    //挂载的文件目录 匿名挂载
CMD echo "----end-------"                //运行完成的输出
CMD /bin/bash                            //构建完成，默认走的路径

利用docker build 去构建dockerfile ，其中-f表示当前默认路径 ，-t 即tag 打个标签别名。

[root@iZuf6gomcpmv2fk1vu2w85Z docker-test-volumn]# docker build -f dockerfile01 -t  yourname/centos .
[+] Building 0.1s (5/5) FINISHED
 => [internal] load build definition from dockerfile01                                                                                          0.1s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 128B                                                                                                            0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                               0.1s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                 0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/centos:latest                                                                                0.0s
 => [1/1] FROM docker.io/library/centos                                                                                                         0.0s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                                          0.0s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                         0.0s
 => => writing image sha256:7b294a0a516ad6c20f431fe0638dc00554d256e0624b1990b86ea889cdf058b6                                                    0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/yourname/centos                                                                                                      0.0s
[root@iZuf6gomcpmv2fk1vu2w85Z docker-test-volumn]# docker images
REPOSITORY               TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
centos                   latest    5d0da3dc9764   17 months ago   231MB
yourname/centos          latest    7b294a0a516a   17 months ago   231MB

ls-l以长格式的形式查看当前目录下所有可见文件的详细属性。其中rwx、r-x、r-x各有功能。

[root@9d716f01919a /]# ls -l
total 56
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  360 Mar  6 08:51 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Mar  6 08:51 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 132 root root    0 Mar  6 08:51 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 root
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root    0 Mar  6 08:51 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  12 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 var
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Mar  6 08:51 volume01    //下面这两个目录就是生成镜像时自动挂载的数据卷目录
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Mar  6 08:51 volume02

这个卷和外部一定有一个同步目录，可以用docker inspect 容器ID查看一下，发现外部的目录都在/var/lib/docker/volumes/下面

 "Mounts": [
        {
            "Type": "volume",
            "Name": "e575f40c7cc57b130368e3f3e4deb5df96b69dc6ce72af0d35ae504f4d5b772d",
            "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/e575f40c7cc57b130368e3f3e4deb5df96b69dc6ce72af0d35ae504f4d5b772d/_data",
            "Destination": "volume01",
            "Driver": "local",
            "Mode": "",
            "RW": true,
            "Propagation": ""
        },
        {
            "Type": "volume",
            "Name": "8a048439124f99fc8cbcfc2c854f3fa43afb1ac2a96f347f0b0257f5451f355d",
            "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/8a048439124f99fc8cbcfc2c854f3fa43afb1ac2a96f347f0b0257f5451f355d/_data",
            "Destination": "volume02",
            "Driver": "local",
            "Mode": "",
            "RW": true,
            "Propagation": ""
        }
    ],

所以我们在dockerfile里面的volume确实是挂载成功了，假设在构建镜像时没有挂在卷，就要手动挂载 -v卷名 ：容器内路径