北京大学程序设计MOOC作业详解-06-多态
直接上代码,有问题请留言。
第一题:022.看上去像多态
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class B {
private:
int nBVal;
public:
void Print()
{ cout << "nBVal="<< nBVal << endl; }
void Fun()
{cout << "B::Fun" << endl; }
B ( int n ) { nBVal = n;}
};
class D : public B {
private:
int nDVal;
public:
void Print()
{
B::Print();
cout << "nDVal=" << nDVal << endl;
}
void Fun()
{
cout << "D::Fun" << endl;
}
D(int n) : B(n * 3), nDVal(n) { }
};
int main() {
B * pb; D * pd;
D d(4); d.Fun();
pb = new B(2); pd = new D(8);
pb -> Fun(); pd->Fun();
pb->Print (); pd->Print ();
pb = & d; pb->Fun();
pb->Print();
return 0;
}
需要注意的是:只有虚函数,才会有多态性。像Java,全是虚函数(默认),所以才有多态。如果不加virtual关键字,就不是虚函数,那就没有多态性。
第二题:023.Fun和Do
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A {
private:
int nVal;
public:
void Fun()
{ cout << "A::Fun" << endl; };
void Do()
{ cout << "A::Do" << endl; }
};
class B:public A {
public:
virtual void Do()
{ cout << "B::Do" << endl;}
};
class C:public B {
public:
void Do( )
{ cout <<"C::Do"<<endl; }
void Fun()
{ cout << "C::Fun" << endl; }
};
void Call(
B& p
) {
p.Fun(); p.Do();
}
int main() {
C c;
Call( c);
return 0;
}
需要注意的是:需要多态才加virtual,当然也可也用基类名::函数名,调用基类的同名函数。然后,只有基类对象的引用和指针,才能有多态性。
第三题:024.这是什么鬼delete
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:
A() { }
virtual ~A() { cout << "destructor A" << endl; }
};
class B:public A {
public:
~B() { cout << "destructor B" << endl; }
};
int main()
{
A * pa;
pa = new B;
delete pa;
return 0;
}
需要注意的是:在继承关系中,析构基类指针且指向派生类对象时,一定要给基类的析构函数加上virtual关键字,使其变成虚函数。否则,只会delete掉基类的对象,不会释放派生类的存储空间(不会调用派生类的析构函数)。
第四题:026.统计动物数量
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Animal {
public:
static int number;
Animal() { ++number; }
virtual ~Animal() { --number; }
};
int Animal::number = 0;
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
static int number;
Dog() { ++number; }
~Dog() { --number; }
};
int Dog::number = 0;
class Cat : public Animal {
public:
static int number;
Cat() { ++number; }
~Cat() { --number; }
};
int Cat::number = 0;
void print() {
cout << Animal::number << " animals in the zoo, " << Dog::number << " of them are dogs, " << Cat::number << " of them are cats" << endl;
}
int main() {
print();
Dog d1, d2;
Cat c1;
print();
Dog* d3 = new Dog();
Animal* c2 = new Cat;
Cat* c3 = new Cat;
print();
delete c3;
delete c2;
delete d3;
print();
}
本题考察静态成员变量的使用,可以参照这个例子。尤其关注静态成员变量的声明方法,和特性(属于类,与任何一个对象无关)。