python 使用 openpyxl 操作 excel

python 如何向 excel 中写入某些内容？（二）

1. 批量调整字体和样式

1 .1修改字体样式

• Font(name=字体名称,size=字体大小,bold=是否加粗,italic=是否斜体,color=字体颜色)

from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="a.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet["A1"]
font = Font(name="微软雅黑",size=20,bold=True,italic=True,color="FF0000")
cell.font = font
workbook.save(filename = "a.xlsx")
""" 
这个 color 是 RGB 的 16 进制表示
"""

1.2 获取表格中格子的字体样式

from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="a.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet["A1"]
font = cell.font
print(font.name, font.size, font.bold, font.italic, font.color)

1 .3 设置对齐样式

• Alignment(horizontal=水平对齐模式,vertical=垂直对齐模式,text_rotation=旋转角度,wrap_text=是否自动换行)
• 水平对齐：‘distributed'，‘justify'，‘center'，‘leftfill'， *‘centerContinuous'，‘right，‘general'；
• 垂直对齐：‘bottom'，‘distributed'，‘justify'，‘center'，‘top'；

from openpyxl.styles import Alignment
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="a.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
cell = sheet["A1"]
alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center",vertical="center",text_rotation=45,wrap_text=True)
cell.alignment = alignment
workbook.save(filename = "a.xlsx")

1 .4 设置边框样式

• Side(style=边线样式，color=边线颜色)
• Border(left=左边线样式，right=右边线样式，top=上边线样式，bottom=下边线样式)
• style 参数的种类： 'double, 'mediumDashDotDot', 'slantDashDot', 'dashDotDot','dotted','hair', 'mediumDashed, 'dashed', 'dashDot', 'thin', 'mediumDashDot','medium', 'thick'

from openpyxl.styles import Side,Border 
from openpyxl import load_workbook 
workbook = load_workbook(filename="a.xlsx") 
sheet = workbook.active 
cell = sheet["D6"] 
side1 = Side(style="thin",color="FF0000") 
side2 = Side(style="thick",color="FFFF0000") 
border = Border(left=side1,right=side1,top=side2,bottom=side2) 
cell.border = border 
workbook.save(filename = "a.xlsx")

1 .5 设置填充样式

• PatternFill(fill_type=填充样式，fgColor=填充颜色）
• GradientFill(stop=(渐变颜色 1，渐变颜色 2……))

from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill,GradientFill
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="a.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
cell_b9 = sheet["B9"]
pattern_fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid",fgColor="99ccff")
cell_b9.fill = pattern_fill
cell_b10 = sheet["B10"]
gradient_fill = GradientFill(stop=("FFFFFF","99ccff","000000"))
cell_b10.fill = gradient_fill
workbook.save(filename = "a.xlsx")

1 .6 设置行高和列宽

• .row_dimensions[行编号].height = 行高
• .column_dimensions[列编号].width = 列宽

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="a.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
# 设置第 1 行的高度
sheet.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
# 设置 B 列的宽度
sheet.column_dimensions["B"].width = 20
workbook.save(filename = "a.xlsx")
""" 
sheet.row_dimensions.height = 50 
sheet.column_dimensions.width = 30 
这两句代码，是将整个表的行高设置为 50，列宽设置为 30；
"""

1 .7 合并单元格

• .merge_cells(待合并的格子编号)
• .merge_cells(start_row=起始行号，start_column=起始列号，end_row=结束行号，end_column=结束列号)

from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook(filename="a.xlsx")
sheet = workbook.active
sheet.merge_cells("C1:D2")
sheet.merge_cells(start_row=7,start_column=1,end_row=8,end_column=3)
workbook.save(filename = "a.xlsx")

当然，也有“取消合并单元格”，用法一致。

• .unmerge_cells(待合并的格子编号)
• .unmerge_cells(start_row=起始行号，start_column=起始列号，end_row=结束行号，end_column=结束列号)