Python 数字类类型int float及常用操作方法
"相除" print(10 / 4) print(type(10 / 4)) "取整" print(10 // 4) print(type(10 // 4)) "结果为浮点型" print(10 // 4.0) import math "向左取整" a = math.floor(-3.4) print(a) print(type(a)) "截断" a = math.trunc(-3.4) print(a) print(type(a)) "四舍五入,round(全局函数)" a = round(-3.4) print(a) print(type(a))
Python 字符串类型及常用操作方法
@\ 转义符 @\n换行 @\b退格 @\t tab path = r'C:\abc\xyz.txt' # r起原始作用,消除转义 print(path) print(type(path)) print(len(path)) # 字符长度 a = 'ok' print(path + a) # 字符相加 print(a * 5) # 字符重复叠加 s = 'abcdefghijklmn' print(s[0:4]) # 字符第1个到5-1=4个 print(s[-1]) # 输出最后一个 print(s[len(s) - 1]) # 输出最后一个 print(s[:]) # 输出全部 print(s[0:4:2]) # 输出第1、3个 print(int('42') + 1) # 输出为43int a = ord('c') # ASCII码 print(a) print(chr(99)) # ASCII码 常用方法: h = 'hello' h = h.replace('e', 'a') # 替代
url = 'abc' print(url.upper()) # 变为大写字母 "字符串显示格式说明" a = '3+2={0}'.format(5) a = '3+2={0}'.format(20) print(a) print(type(a)) a = 3.3333333 a = '{0:.2f}'.format(a) # 结果为3.33 d = {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 10, 'job': 'dev'} a = '姓名:{0},年龄:{1}'.format(d.get('name'), d.get('age')) # 结果为 姓名:Tom,年龄:10
xx = '{}=>{}'.format(a, b) print(xx) # 结果为a=>b print('{name}=>{salary}'.format(name='Tom', salary=9000)) # 结果为Tom=>9000 url = 'uke.cc' print(url.startswith('u')) # 字符串判别开头结果为bool型 print(url.endswith('kk')) print(url.find('.')) # 寻找方法,位置 Python 列表类型及常用操作方法
a = [1, 2, 3] b = [4, 5, 6] print(a + b) # 结果为[1 2 3 4 5 6] ls = list('youxiude') print(ls) print('o' in ls) # 判断o是否为youxiude里的字母 li = [c * 3 for c in 'code'] # for循环 print(li) a = [1, 2, 3] a[1:2] = [4, 5] # 结果为[1 4 5 3] print(a) print(a * 3) # 结果为[1 4 5 3 1 4 5 3 1 4 5 3]
常用操作方法:
a.append(7) # 追加一个元素 print(a) a.extend([7, 8, 9]) # 追加一个列表 print(a) a.sort() # 升序 print(a) a.reverse() # 降序 print(a) a.pop() # 弹出(删除)最后一个 print(a) "删除" del (a[0]) print(a) b = a.index(4) # 索引找位置 print(b) b = a.count(7) # 计数器 print(b) a = [1, 2, 3] print(a) b = a.copy() # 复制列表中的元素给b print(b)
s = 'classroom.com' ls = list(s) print(ls) ls[-1] = 'n' print(ls) s = ''.join(ls) # 连接字符作用 输出为classroom.con print(s) s = '|'.join(ls) # 连接字符作用 输出为c|l|a|s|s|r|o|o|m|.|c|o|n print(s) url = 'abc.com,uke.com,dfg.cn' print(url.split(',')) # 字符串 以,为 间隔切割成列表 布尔类型: "比较,返回布尔型!=" score = 60.3 print(score >= 60) # 结果为 True
print(3 + True) # bool型本质是int print(3 + False) 字典表类型:
d = {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 10, 'job': 'dev'} ex = d['age'] print(ex) # 结果为10 ex = d.get('name', '找不到') print(ex) # 结果为Tom ex = d.get('ff', '找不到') print(ex) # 结果为找不到
元组类型:
t = (1, 2, 3, 4) # t = [1, 2, 3, 4] 为列表,区别:列表支持原位修改