Python 数字类类型int float及常用操作方法
"相除"
print(10 / 4)
print(type(10 / 4))
"取整"
print(10 // 4)
print(type(10 // 4))
"结果为浮点型"
print(10 // 4.0)
import math
"向左取整"
a = math.floor(-3.4)
print(a)
print(type(a))
"截断"
a = math.trunc(-3.4)
print(a)
print(type(a))
"四舍五入,round(全局函数)"
a = round(-3.4)
print(a)
print(type(a))
Python 字符串类型及常用操作方法
@\ 转义符
@\n换行
@\b退格
@\t tab
path = r'C:\abc\xyz.txt' # r起原始作用,消除转义
print(path)
print(type(path))
print(len(path)) # 字符长度
a = 'ok'
print(path + a) # 字符相加
print(a * 5) # 字符重复叠加
s = 'abcdefghijklmn'
print(s[0:4]) # 字符第1个到5-1=4个
print(s[-1]) # 输出最后一个
print(s[len(s) - 1]) # 输出最后一个
print(s[:]) # 输出全部
print(s[0:4:2]) # 输出第1、3个
print(int('42') + 1) # 输出为43int
a = ord('c') # ASCII码
print(a)
print(chr(99)) # ASCII码
常用方法:
h = 'hello'
h = h.replace('e', 'a') # 替代
url = 'abc'
print(url.upper()) # 变为大写字母
"字符串显示格式说明"
a = '3+2={0}'.format(5)
a = '3+2={0}'.format(20)
print(a)
print(type(a))
a = 3.3333333
a = '{0:.2f}'.format(a) # 结果为3.33
d = {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 10, 'job': 'dev'}
a = '姓名:{0},年龄:{1}'.format(d.get('name'), d.get('age'))
# 结果为 姓名:Tom,年龄:10
xx = '{}=>{}'.format(a, b)
print(xx) # 结果为a=>b
print('{name}=>{salary}'.format(name='Tom', salary=9000)) # 结果为Tom=>9000
url = 'uke.cc'
print(url.startswith('u')) # 字符串判别开头结果为bool型
print(url.endswith('kk'))
print(url.find('.')) # 寻找方法,位置
Python 列表类型及常用操作方法
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [4, 5, 6]
print(a + b) # 结果为[1 2 3 4 5 6]
ls = list('youxiude')
print(ls)
print('o' in ls) # 判断o是否为youxiude里的字母
li = [c * 3 for c in 'code'] # for循环
print(li)
a = [1, 2, 3]
a[1:2] = [4, 5] # 结果为[1 4 5 3]
print(a)
print(a * 3) # 结果为[1 4 5 3 1 4 5 3 1 4 5 3]
常用操作方法:
a.append(7) # 追加一个元素
print(a)
a.extend([7, 8, 9]) # 追加一个列表
print(a)
a.sort() # 升序
print(a)
a.reverse() # 降序
print(a)
a.pop() # 弹出(删除)最后一个
print(a)
"删除"
del (a[0])
print(a)
b = a.index(4) # 索引找位置
print(b)
b = a.count(7) # 计数器
print(b)
a = [1, 2, 3]
print(a)
b = a.copy() # 复制列表中的元素给b
print(b)
s = 'classroom.com'
ls = list(s)
print(ls)
ls[-1] = 'n'
print(ls)
s = ''.join(ls) # 连接字符作用 输出为classroom.con
print(s)
s = '|'.join(ls) # 连接字符作用 输出为c|l|a|s|s|r|o|o|m|.|c|o|n
print(s)
url = 'abc.com,uke.com,dfg.cn'
print(url.split(',')) # 字符串 以,为 间隔切割成列表
布尔类型:
"比较,返回布尔型!="
score = 60.3
print(score >= 60) # 结果为 True
print(3 + True) # bool型本质是int
print(3 + False)
字典表类型:
d = {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 10, 'job': 'dev'}
ex = d['age']
print(ex)
# 结果为10
ex = d.get('name', '找不到')
print(ex)
# 结果为Tom
ex = d.get('ff', '找不到')
print(ex) # 结果为找不到
元组类型:
t = (1, 2, 3, 4) # t = [1, 2, 3, 4] 为列表,区别:列表支持原位修改