葡萄酒数据集的随机森林分类

一：数据集介绍

1：数据集下载

https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Wine+Quality

我这里选择的是红酒样本

数据的特征与标签

特征：11个 ； 标签：红酒质量0-10之间，11个类别

2：查看数据集

可以看到数据都在一列里，需要改一下

二：数据处理

1：数据分列

观察数据，在一列里用分号隔开，由此对数据分列

选定需要分列的数据–选数据菜单–分列–分隔符–选分号–OK

分列后的数据

2：导入数据

import pandas as pd
#获取数据
data = pd.read_csv("F:\\书籍学习：python数据挖掘与机器学习实战\\葡萄酒数据集的随机森林分类\\winequality-red.csv")
data.head()#查看数据

	fixed acidity	volatile acidity	citric acid	residual sugar	chlorides	free sulfur dioxide	total sulfur dioxide	density	pH	sulphates	alcohol	quality
0	7.4	0.70	0.00	1.9	0.076	11.0	34.0	0.9978	3.51	0.56	9.4	5
1	7.8	0.88	0.00	2.6	0.098	25.0	67.0	0.9968	3.20	0.68	9.8	5
2	7.8	0.76	0.04	2.3	0.092	15.0	54.0	0.9970	3.26	0.65	9.8	5
3	11.2	0.28	0.56	1.9	0.075	17.0	60.0	0.9980	3.16	0.58	9.8	6
4	7.4	0.70	0.00	1.9	0.076	11.0	34.0	0.9978	3.51	0.56	9.4	5

# 导入所有需要的库

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier

3:将数据拆分为特征与标签

features = data.drop('quality', 1)
# df = data.iloc[:, :11] #取前11列数据
labels = data['quality']
print(features.shape)
print(labels.shape)

(1599, 11)
(1599,)


C:\Users\Hp\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_12320\351942566.py:1: FutureWarning: In a future version of pandas all arguments of DataFrame.drop except for the argument 'labels' will be keyword-only.
  features = data.drop('quality', 1)

三：数据分析

1：数据的描述性分析

# 描述性分析
print(features.describe())

# 直方图
# hist(),输出各个特征对比的直方图
features.hist()

       fixed acidity  volatile acidity  citric acid  residual sugar  \
count    1599.000000       1599.000000  1599.000000     1599.000000   
mean        8.319637          0.527821     0.270976        2.538806   
std         1.741096          0.179060     0.194801        1.409928   
min         4.600000          0.120000     0.000000        0.900000   
25%         7.100000          0.390000     0.090000        1.900000   
50%         7.900000          0.520000     0.260000        2.200000   
75%         9.200000          0.640000     0.420000        2.600000   
max        15.900000          1.580000     1.000000       15.500000   

         chlorides  free sulfur dioxide  total sulfur dioxide      density  \
count  1599.000000          1599.000000           1599.000000  1599.000000   
mean      0.087467            15.874922             46.467792     0.996747   
std       0.047065            10.460157             32.895324     0.001887   
min       0.012000             1.000000              6.000000     0.990070   
25%       0.070000             7.000000             22.000000     0.995600   
50%       0.079000            14.000000             38.000000     0.996750   
75%       0.090000            21.000000             62.000000     0.997835   
max       0.611000            72.000000            289.000000     1.003690   

                pH    sulphates      alcohol  
count  1599.000000  1599.000000  1599.000000  
mean      3.311113     0.658149    10.422983  
std       0.154386     0.169507     1.065668  
min       2.740000     0.330000     8.400000  
25%       3.210000     0.550000     9.500000  
50%       3.310000     0.620000    10.200000  
75%       3.400000     0.730000    11.100000  
max       4.010000     2.000000    14.900000  





array([[<AxesSubplot:title={'center':'fixed acidity'}>,
        <AxesSubplot:title={'center':'volatile acidity'}>,
        <AxesSubplot:title={'center':'citric acid'}>],
       [<AxesSubplot:title={'center':'residual sugar'}>,
        <AxesSubplot:title={'center':'chlorides'}>,
        <AxesSubplot:title={'center':'free sulfur dioxide'}>],
       [<AxesSubplot:title={'center':'total sulfur dioxide'}>,
        <AxesSubplot:title={'center':'density'}>,
        <AxesSubplot:title={'center':'pH'}>],
       [<AxesSubplot:title={'center':'sulphates'}>,
        &l