MyBatis学习——第二章：mybatis的简单应用

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-20 11:55:24 发布

良木66

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-20 11:55:24 发布

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分类专栏： mybatis

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_44503987/article/details/110129982

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安装mybatis

maven工程下，直接在pom.xml文件中，添加如下依赖即可。

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>

其中，${mybatis.version}表示mybatis的版本号。
创建一个数据表
打开数据库，执行如下SQL代码创建一个user表。

create table user
(
    id       int auto_increment primary key,
    username varchar(32)  not null comment '用户名称',
    birthday datetime     null comment '生日',
    sex      char         null comment '性别',
    address  varchar(256) null comment '地址'
)charset = utf8;

给表中插入数据，执行如下SQL代码：

insert  into 
`user`(`id`,`username`,`birthday`,`sex`,`address`) 
values 
(41,'老王','2018-02-27 17:47:08','男','北京'),
(42,'小二王','2018-03-02 15:09:37','女','北京金燕龙'),
(43,'小二王','2018-03-04 11:34:34','女','北京金燕龙'),
(45,'传智播客','2018-03-04 12:04:06','男','北京金燕龙'),
(46,'老王','2018-03-07 17:37:26','男','北京'),
(48,'小马宝莉','2018-03-08 11:44:00','女','北京修正');

创建一个普通的maven工程
分别在maven工程中创建两个包，分别为dao和domain，其中dao用来存放Java工程对数据表访问接口，而domain存放数据表经过ORM转换后得到得实体类。
其工程目录结构如下：

配置pom.xml文件，导入依赖，其pom.xml文件如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>20201111-cache</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <mybatis.version>3.5.6</mybatis.version>
        <mysql.jdbc.version>8.0.20</mysql.jdbc.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <junit.version>4.13</junit.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mysql jdbc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.jdbc.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log4j -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- junit test-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

再在resources文件夹目录下创建如下三个文件，如下图所示：

其中log4j.properties文件内容如下所示：

# Set root category priority to INFO and its only appender to CONSOLE.
#log4j.rootCategory=INFO, CONSOLE            debug   info   warn error fatal
log4j.rootCategory=debug, CONSOLE, LOGFILE

# Set the enterprise logger category to FATAL and its only appender to CONSOLE.
log4j.logger.org.apache.axis.enterprise=FATAL, CONSOLE

# CONSOLE is set to be a ConsoleAppender using a PatternLayout.
log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ISO8601} %-6r [%15.15t] %-5p %30.30c %x - %m\n

# LOGFILE is set to be a File appender using a PatternLayout.
log4j.appender.LOGFILE=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.LOGFILE.File=d:\axis.log
log4j.appender.LOGFILE.Append=true
log4j.appender.LOGFILE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.LOGFILE.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ISO8601} %-6r [%15.15t] %-5p %30.30c %x - %m\n

此文件内容一般是写成这样就OK了，主要用来在控制台打印日志。（log4j.properties文件名不能改）
JDBCconfig.properties文件内容主要是自己对JDBC数据连接信息得配置，可以根据自己得喜好命名文件名，其文件内容一般如下所示：

# 这是mysql数据库
jdbc.driver = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb?serverTimezone=UTC
jdbc.username = root
jdbc.password = root

mybatisConfig.xml文件为mybatis的主要配置文件，要想用mybatis框架，就必须配置此文件。其文件名可以根据自己的喜好随便命名，不过作者强力建议命名为mybatisConfig.xml。文件内容如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!-- 引入jdbc 配置文件-->
    <properties resource="JDBCconfig.properties"/>
    <!-- 配置环境-->
    <environments default="mysql">
        <!-- 配置MySQL的环境-->
        <environment id="mysql">
            <!-- 配置事务类型-->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <!-- 配置数据源-->
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <!-- 导入文件的mapper-->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/liangmu66/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

再到dao文件夹下创建UserDao.java文件和再在domain文件夹下创建User.java实体类，其文件夹结构如下所示：

UserDao.java文件内容如下所示：

package com.liangmu66.dao;

import com.liangmu66.domain.User;

import java.util.List;

public interface UserDao {
    User findById(Integer id);

    List<User> findAll();
}

User.java文件内容如下所示：

package com.liangmu66.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;

public class User implements Serializable {
    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private String sex;
    private String address;
    private Date birthday;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                ", birthday=" + birthday +
                '}';
    }
}

再到resources文件夹创建如下文件夹结构，其目录结构和dao文件夹在java包下的目录结构是一样的。

其文件夹结构必须要与dao文件夹在Java包下的目录结构一样。其中UserMapper.xml文件的内容如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.liangmu66.dao.UserDao">
    <select id="findAll" resultType="com.liangmu66.domain.User">
        <!-- resultType是必填的，表示其封装到的实体类类型-->
        select * from user;
    </select>
</mapper>

再到UserDao.java文件下，找到findAll()方法，在idea中选中此方法，右键单击，点击菜单项中的go to 选项，然后在点击test选项，生成测试类。其测试类的目录结构和代码如下所示：

UserDaoTest.java
package com.liangmu66.dao;

import com.liangmu66.domain.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class UserDaoTest {
    InputStream inputStream;
    SqlSessionFactoryBuilder builder;
    SqlSessionFactory factory;
    SqlSession session;
    UserDao userDao;
    // berfore表示每次运行测试方法时，先执行此方法体。
    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatisConfig.xml");
        builder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        factory = builder.build(inputStream);
        session = factory.openSession(true);
        userDao = session.getMapper(UserDao.class);
    }
    
    // after表示每次运行测试方法后，调用此方法体。
    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        inputStream.close();
        session.close();
    }
    // test表示此方法时一个测试方法，可以在idea中右键点击此方法，在右键方法中选择
    // run test()运行此方法。
    @Test
    public void findAll() {
        List<User> users = userDao.findAll();
        for (var u : users) {
            System.out.println(u.toString());
        }
    }
}

运行结果：

"D:\Program Files\Java\jdk-11.0.7\bin\java.exe" -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 "-javaagent:D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.2.1\lib\idea_rt.jar=52535:D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.2.1\bin" -Dfile.encoding=GBK -classpath "D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.2.1\lib\idea_rt.jar;D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.2.1\plugins\junit\lib\junit5-rt.jar;D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.2.1\plugins\junit\lib\junit-rt.jar;C:\Users\良木\Desktop\learning\20201111-cache\target\test-classes;C:\Users\良木\Desktop\learning\20201111-cache\target\classes;D:\maven\maven_repo\org\mybatis\mybatis\3.5.6\mybatis-3.5.6.jar;D:\maven\maven_repo\mysql\mysql-connector-java\8.0.20\mysql-connector-java-8.0.20.jar;D:\maven\maven_repo\com\google\protobuf\protobuf-java\3.6.1\protobuf-java-3.6.1.jar;D:\maven\maven_repo\log4j\log4j\1.2.17\log4j-1.2.17.jar;D:\maven\maven_repo\junit\junit\4.13\junit-4.13.jar;D:\maven\maven_repo\org\hamcrest\hamcrest-core\1.3\hamcrest-core-1.3.jar" com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 com.liangmu66.dao.UserDaoTest,findAll
2020-11-12 15:56:45,422 0      [           main] DEBUG ache.ibatis.logging.LogFactory  - Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl' adapter.
2020-11-12 15:56:45,498 76     [           main] DEBUG source.pooled.PooledDataSource  - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
2020-11-12 15:56:45,498 76     [           main] DEBUG source.pooled.PooledDataSource  - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
2020-11-12 15:56:45,499 77     [           main] DEBUG source.pooled.PooledDataSource  - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
2020-11-12 15:56:45,499 77     [           main] DEBUG source.pooled.PooledDataSource  - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
2020-11-12 15:56:45,735 313    [           main] DEBUG ansaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction  - Opening JDBC Connection
2020-11-12 15:56:48,214 2792   [           main] DEBUG source.pooled.PooledDataSource  - Created connection 349259569.
2020-11-12 15:56:48,240 2818   [           main] DEBUG .liangmu66.dao.UserDao.findAll  - ==>  Preparing: select * from user;
2020-11-12 15:56:48,285 2863   [           main] DEBUG .liangmu66.dao.UserDao.findAll  - ==> Parameters: 
2020-11-12 15:56:48,333 2911   [           main] DEBUG .liangmu66.dao.UserDao.findAll  - <==      Total: 6
User{id=41, username='老王', sex='男', address='北京', birthday=Wed Feb 28 01:47:08 CST 2018}
User{id=42, username='小二王', sex='女', address='北京金燕龙', birthday=Fri Mar 02 23:09:37 CST 2018}
User{id=45, username='传智播客', sex='男', address='北京金燕龙', birthday=Sun Mar 04 20:04:06 CST 2018}
User{id=46, username='老王', sex='男', address='北京', birthday=Thu Mar 08 01:37:26 CST 2018}
User{id=48, username='小马宝莉', sex='女', address='北京修正', birthday=Thu Mar 08 19:44:00 CST 2018}
User{id=55, username='刘粮源', sex='男', address='陕西省宝鸡市', birthday=Thu Nov 05 13:15:51 CST 2020}
2020-11-12 15:56:48,360 2938   [           main] DEBUG ansaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction  - Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@14d14731]
2020-11-12 15:56:48,360 2938   [           main] DEBUG source.pooled.PooledDataSource  - Returned connection 349259569 to pool.

Process finished with exit code 0

总结
一个mybatis项目要包含四个部分，分别是数据库表对应的实体类，此实体类对应的操作方法接口，此接口所匹配的映射文件mapper.xml，同时还要有一个掌控全局的主配置文件mybatisConfig.xml。
mybatis的持久化过程如下所示：
先创建一个SqlSessionFactoryBuilder ，再利用SqlSessionFactoryBuilder 创建一个SqlSessionFactory（此步要传入mybatis的主配置文件），利用SqlSessionFactory创建一个SqlSession会话，再利用此会话获得操作接口代理类，操作完成后，关闭。