Django 引入rest_framework框架并实现增删查改

rest_framework框架是基于Django实现的一个RESTful风格的API框架，之前介绍过restful风格，可以参考这篇文章---->传送门

安装

pip install djangorestframework

配置

在installed_apps中注册

INSTALLED_APPS = [
		...,
    'rest_framework',
]

在setting.py 配置

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': (  # 默认响应渲染类
        # 'rest_framework.schemas.AutoSchema',
        'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer',  
        'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer'  
    )
}

在app中新建serializers.py文件和models.py，views.py同级

在里面定义序列化器

class HrefInfoModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Href
        fields = '__all__'

    def create(self, validated_data):
        return Href.objects.create(**validated_data)

    def update(self, instance, validated_data):
        instance.name = validated_data.get('name', instance.name)
        instance.url = validated_data.get('url', instance.url)
        instance.save()
        return instance

在views.py引入ModelViewSet，从serializers引入我们实现的序列化器

from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSet, ModelViewSet
from .serializers import HrefInfoModelSerializer

在views.py实现我们的逻辑处理，rest_framework为我们提供了最基本的增删改查，我们可以自己实现其他的功能，比如单个查询指定的数据。

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Href


class HrefViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    parser_classes = [JSONParser, FormParser]
    """视图集"""
    queryset = models.Href.objects.all()
    serializer_class = HrefInfoModelSerializer
    # 搜索
    search_fields = ('id', 'name')

    # 添加链接
    @action(methods=['post'], detail=False)
    @csrf_exempt
    def add_href(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        name = request.data.get('name', None)
        if name:
            print(name)
            obj = models.Href.objects.filter(name=name).first()
            if obj:
                return JsonResponse({
                    'status': '1001',
                    'msg': '已经存在此链接名称'
                })
            else:
                serializer = HrefInfoModelSerializer(data=request.data)
                if serializer.is_valid():
                    serializer.save()
                    return JsonResponse({
                        'status': '1000',
                        'msg': '添加成功'
                    })
                else:
                    return JsonResponse({
                        'status': '1002',
                        'msg': '插入数据不合法'
                    })
        else:
            return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
        pass

    # 删除链接
    @action(methods=['delete'], detail=False)
    @csrf_exempt
    def multiple_delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        count = 0
        delete_id = request.data.get('id', None)
        print(delete_id)
        if not delete_id:
            return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        for i in delete_id.split(','):
            obj = models.Href.objects.filter(id=i).first()
            if obj:
                obj.delete()
                count = count + 1
            else:
                return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
        return JsonResponse({
            'code': 200,
            'msg': '删除成功',
            'num': count
        })

    # 获取单个链接信息
    @action(methods=['get'], detail=False)
    @csrf_exempt
    def single_href(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        query_name = request.data.get('name', None)
        print(query_name)
        if not query_name:
            return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        else:
            href = models.Href.objects.all().filter(name=query_name)
            serializer = HrefInfoModelSerializer(instance=href, many=True)
            print(serializer.data)
            return JsonResponse({
                'code': 2010,
                'msg': '查询成功',
                'data': serializer.data
            })

    # 修改信息
    @action(methods=['put'], detail=False)
    @csrf_exempt
    def edit_href(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        name = request.data.get('name', None)
        if name:
            obj = models.Href.objects.filter(name=name).first()
            serializer = HrefInfoModelSerializer(instance=obj, data=request.data, partial=True)
            if serializer.is_valid():
                serializer.save(update_fields=['name', 'id'])
                return JsonResponse({
                    'code': 200,
                    'msg': '更新成功',
                })
            else:
                return JsonResponse({
                    'code': 201,
                    'msg': '更新失败',
                })
        else:
            return Response(status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

在urls.py引入路径，rest_framework提供了路径匹配SimpleRouter，我们不需要一点一点的书写path了

from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter, SimpleRouter

urlpatterns = [ 
					] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

router = SimpleRouter()
router.register(r'href', views.HrefViewSet)  # 注册路由
urlpatterns += router.urls  # 把生成好的路由拼接到urlpatterns

GET

POST

我们使用postman来进行post以及其他请求

可以看到数据已经插入数据库中。

PUT

修改数据

可以看出数据已经被修改为localhost

DELETE

可以看到数据库中id为52的数据已经被删除