Python学习笔记hello_python_world4

本文记录是自己这个小菜鸡Python学习笔记
《Python编程从入门到实践》第四章

#第4章 操作列表

#4.1 遍历整个列表

#for循环打印列表中所有元素
#for循环的使用
magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina'] 
for magician in magicians: 
	print(magician) 
	
'''
alice 
david 
carolina 
'''

magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina'] 
for magician in magicians:
	print(magician.title() + ", that was a great trick!") 
	
'''
Alice, that was a great trick! 
David, that was a great trick! 
Carolina, that was a great trick! 
'''

#在for循环结束后执行一些操作
magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina']
for magician in magicians: 
	print(magician.title() + ", that was a great trick!")
	print("I can't wait to see your next trick, " + magician.title() + ".\n")
print("Thank you, everyone. That was a great magic show!")

'''
Alice, that was a great trick! 
I can't wait to see your next trick, Alice. 
David, that was a great trick! 
I can't wait to see your next trick, David. 
Carolina, that was a great trick! 
I can't wait to see your next trick, Carolina. 
Thank you, everyone. That was a great magic show!
'''



#4.2 避免缩进错误

#位于for语句后面且属于循环组成部分的代码行，一定要缩进

#忘记for循环缩进，会产生报错
#**********************************************
#magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina'] 
#for magician in magicians: 
#print(magician)
#**********************************************

#忘记缩进额外的代码行，结果可能会出乎意料

#不必要的缩进，会产生报错
#**********************************************
#message = "Hello Python world!" 
#	print(message)
#**********************************************

#遗漏了冒号
#**********************************************
#magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina'] 
#for magician in magicians 
#	print(magician) 
#**********************************************



#4.3 创建数值列表

#使用函数range()
#函数range()让你能够轻松地生成一系列的数字
#函数range()从你指定的第一个值开始数，并在到达指定的第二个值后停止，输出不包含第二个值
for value in range(1,5): 
	print(value) 

'''
1
2
3
4
'''

#使用range()创建数字列表
#可使用函数list()将range()的结果直接转换为列表
#如果将range()作为list()的参数，输出将为一个数字列表
numbers = list(range(1,6)) 
print(numbers)
 
'''
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5] 
'''

#使用函数range()时，还可指定步长
#函数range()从0开始数，然后不断地加2，直到达到或超过终值11
even_numbers = list(range(0,11,2)) 
print(even_numbers) 

'''
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10] 
'''

#两个星号**表示乘方运算
squares = [] 
for value in range(1,11): 
	square = value**2 
	squares.append(square) 
	
print(squares) 

#更为简洁的代码
'''
squares = [] 
for value in range(1,11): 
	squares.append(value**2)
print(squares)
'''

'''
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100] 
'''

#对数字列表执行简单的统计计算
digits = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
min(digits)
max(digits)
sum(digits)
print (min(digits),max(digits),sum(digits))

'''
0,9,45
'''

#列表解析
#首先指定一个描述性的列表名,如squares
#然后，指定一个左方括号，并定义一个表达式，用于生成你要存储到列表中的值
#接下来，编写一个for循环，用于给表达式提供值，再加上右方括号
#注意这里的for语句末尾没有冒号
squares = [value**2 for value in range(1,11)] 
print(squares) 

'''
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100] 
'''



#4.4 使用列表的一部分

#切片
players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli'] 
print(players[0:3]) 

'''
['charles', 'martina', 'michael'] 
'''

players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli'] 
print(players[1:4]) 

'''
['martina', 'michael', 'florence'] 
'''

players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli'] 
print(players[:4]) 

'''
['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence'] 
'''

players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli'] 
print(players[2:]) 

'''
['michael', 'florence', 'eli'] 
'''

players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli'] 
print(players[-3:]) 

'''
['michael', 'florence', 'eli'] 
'''

#遍历切片
players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli'] 
print("Here are the first three players on my team:") 
for player in players[:3]: 
	print(player.title()) 
	
'''
Here are the first three players on my team: 
Charles 
Martina 
Michael 
'''	
	
#复制列表
#复制列表，可创建一个包含整个列表的切片
my_foods = ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake'] 
friend_foods = my_foods[:] 
print("My favorite foods are:") 
print(my_foods) 
print("\nMy friend's favorite foods are:") 
print(friend_foods)

'''
My favorite foods are: 
['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake'] 
My friend's favorite foods are: 
['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake'] 
'''	

my_foods = ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake']
friend_foods = my_foods[:]
my_foods.append('cannoli') 
friend_foods.append('ice cream') 
print("My favorite foods are:")
print(my_foods) 
print("\nMy friend's favorite foods are:")
print(friend_foods)	
	
'''
My favorite foods are: 
['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake', 'cannoli'] 
My friend's favorite foods are: 
['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake', 'ice cream'] 
'''
	
#4.5 元组
	
#定义元组
#元组看起来犹如列表，但使用圆括号()而不是方括号来标识
dimensions = (200, 50) 
print(dimensions[0]) 
print(dimensions[1])

'''
200 
50 
'''
	
#遍历元组中所有值
dimensions = (200, 50) 
for dimension in dimensions: 
	print(dimension) 

'''
200
50
'''

#修改元组变量
dimensions = (200, 50)
print("Original dimensions:") 
for dimension in dimensions: 
	print(dimension) 
dimensions = (400, 100) 
print("\nModified dimensions:") 
for dimension in dimensions: 
	print(dimension) 

'''
Original dimensions: 
200 
50 
Modified dimensions: 
400 
100 
'''

#错误修改元组dimensions中的一个元素
#***************************************
#imensions = (200, 50) 
#dimensions[0] = 250 
#***************************************

#60页，动手试一试
dimensions = ('ice cream','drink','fish')
for food in dimensions:
	print (food)
#dimensions[0] = milk错误语句试验
dimensions = ('milk','soft drink','fish')
for food in dimensions:
	print (food)