脱欧了连巧克力都缩水？拿什么治愈你word英国人民
巧克力的净含量在减少、薯片的价格在提高——这些身边的小变化都在提醒着英国和全世界的人们，波动的经济对我们生活的影响。
如果要说2016年里，对英国影响最大的一件事，那必定是“脱欧”了。这场政治豪赌不仅引发了市场动荡，同时也让英国面临自身政治分化的局面。
不过除了那些政经方面的困境，最近还有一件让英国人感到“切肤之痛”的糟心事：他们喜欢的瑞士Toblerone三角巧克力居然要减量不减价！
Toblerone这个词是由其创始人的姓名Jean Tobler和单词torrone （n.蜂蜜杏仁糖，意大利语意为牛轧糖）合并而来。
据报道：
The distinctively peaked Toblerone chocolate bar will be partly flattened in the UK after Mondelez International blamed higher costs for the need to cut back the size of its bar.
造型独特的尖三角巧克力棒Toblerone制造商亿滋国际（MondelezInternational）日前宣布，受生产成本增高影响，英国版Toblerone巧克力棒将要缩减其尺寸。
British consumers took to social media to complain about changes to the Swiss-made luxury chocolate bar, which has had its unique shape for more than a century.
社交媒体上，英国消费者纷纷抱怨这一改变。因为一百多年来，这一高端巧克力棒都维持了它独特的造型。
Two products, one sold exclusively in the UK, have fewer peaks and wider troughs to reduce weight without changing the packaging.
Toblerone的两款产品将要减少净含量，其中之一还是在英国独家贩卖的。在维持外包装不变的前提下，Toblerone巧克力棒减少了“三角”的个数，加大了每一块巧克力之间凹槽的宽度。
Twitter上有网友表示，这哪是三角巧克力啊，能当手机或者Kindle的支架使了
In a Facebook post, Mondelez blamed the move on higher costs.“Like many other companies, we are experiencing higher costs for numerous ingredients,” it said.
制造商亿滋把这一改变归咎于高额的成本，其Facebook上显示：“和许多别的公司一样，巨量的原材料采购，让我们正承受着高额的成本。”
It later said the main factor behind the change was the 2015 rise in the Swiss franc that had driven up costs for Toblerone, which manufactures exclusively in Switzerland.
随后该公司又表示，这一变化背后的主要因素是2015年瑞士法郎的升值让只在瑞士生产的Toblerone巧克力成本趋高。
调整销售策略的，不止亿滋国际的Toblerone巧克力一家。他们采取的方式不同，但主要是“加价”和“减量不减价”两种。
The move comes at a time when other companies are raising prices in Britain for several well-known consumer products, including Walker crisps and Typhoo Tea, and blaming the fall in sterling triggered by the UK vote for Brexit.
在Toblerone采取行动的同时，其它公司也提高了许多广为人知的产品在英国的售价，如Walkers薯片、Typhoo茶等，并归因为英国脱欧导致的英镑贬值。
But a Mondelez spokesman pointed out that the company has benefited from the fall in the pound as it buys cocoa priced in sterling.Rather than raise prices to preserve margins, as some companies have threatened, Mondelez said it was cutting the weight of the two products.
不过亿滋国际发言人还指出，英镑的贬值也为他们公司带来效益，原因在于，他们购买可可豆时以英镑结算。鉴于其他公司采取的用提价来保持利润的营销策略并不顺利，亿滋决定减少其两款产品的重量。
他们说：
“We carry these costs for as long as possible, but to ensure Toblerone remains on-shelf, is affordable and retains the triangular shape, we have had to reduce the weight of just two of our bars in the UK.”
“公司已尽力承担成本，不过，为保证Toblerone继续售卖，价格实惠，并且维持它三角形的造型，我们不得不给这两款英国售卖的巧克力棒减重。”
The weight of the 400g bars has been reduced to 360g and the 170g bars to 150g, while the size of the packaging has remained the same.The larger product is also sold outside the UK.
净含量为400克的巧克力棒如今减少到360克，原170克的减少到150克，同时外包装保持不变。英国以外的市场仍然贩售原版。
Toblerone bars were first produced in Switzerland in 1908, and have a unique place in the hearts of many British consumers.The chocolate treats are traditionally brought back from holidays abroad.
Toblerone巧克力棒最早于1908年在瑞士生产，它在许多英国消费者心目中，占据着独特的位置。习惯上，人们出国度假归来通常带巧克力作为伴手礼。
Mondelez, which owns Cadbury in the UK, attracted the ire of consumers in 2015 when it changed the recipe of its Cadbury Creme Egg.
亿滋在英国还拥有老牌糖果品牌吉百利。在2015年，该公司修改了吉百利奶油蛋的配方，招致了消费者的愤怒。
消费者们跑到Toblerone的Facebook主页下声讨，质问为何三角巧克力中间的沟越来越大。
“Fair enough reducing the weight of the bar, but why the big gap in between segments? Looks stupid imo [in my opinion], could have just made the bar shorter and kept the original design.”
“减少巧克力棒的重量算是情有可原，但是每块巧克力之间那么大的缝是什么鬼？我觉得看起来太蠢了。你们可以把巧克力棒做短一点，保持原来的形状啊。”
On the day the US goes to the polls to elect a new president, another tweeted: “It is axiomatic.A world that changes Toblerone can elect Trump.”
在美国大选日的那天，还有人发推说，显而易见，一个可以改变Toblerone的世界也可以选出来特朗普当总统。
But one commentator said the bar was easier to break, and another said it would help people with arthritis.
不过还有人评论说巧克力棒更容易掰了，另一个人讽刺道那有助于得了关节炎的群体。
Other food manufacturers have announced rises in their product prices, blaming the falling value of the pound following the UK’s decision to leave the EU.
还有其他的食品制造商宣布提高它们的产品价格，归因于英国决定脱欧致使英镑一路贬值。
Walkers this week said it planned to increase the price of its crisps by 10 per cent in response to “fluctuating foreign exchange rates”.
Walkers薯片本周宣布它计划提价10%以应对波动的国际汇率。
The Leicester-based group, which is owned by the US-based foods conglomerate PepsiCo, said a standard pack would rise from 50p to 55p, and a grab bag from 75p to 80p.
Walkers品牌总部位于英国莱斯特，隶属于美国食品集团百事公司。它表示标准装的薯片价格将从50便士上调到55便士，大包装（grab bag）的从75便士上调到80便士。
Consumer groups have said the changes cannot be justified because the crisps are made from British-grown potatoes and produced in the UK.
消费群体认为这样的调价并不合乎情理，因为该薯片原料为本地土豆，并且就在英国加工生产。
除了巧克力和薯片，英国人的“老干妈”——马麦酱也曾因调整售价遭遇销售风波。
In October a dispute broke out between Tesco and Unilever after the food group said it was raising prices in Britain to compensate for the fall in the pound.The supermarket briefly removed Marmite, a salty spread, from its shelves.
10月，英国零售商乐购和联合利华食品有限公司之间爆发了一场争端，起因是后者宣布将要提高在英产品售价以弥补英镑贬值。乐购超市短暂地下架了马麦酱（一款咸味酱料）。
曾经有人在Youtube上分享了Toblerone的“非官方正确吃法”：将三角向内掰开，而不是向外掰：
也不知道这个方法是否适用于“缩水版”的Toblerone了。（摊手）
词汇总结
sterling ['stɜːlɪŋ]
n.英国货币；标准纯银
But a Mondelez spokesman pointed out that the company has benefited from the fall in the pound as it buys cocoa priced in sterling.
不过亿滋国际发言人还指出，英镑的贬值也为他们公司带来效益，原因在于，他们购买可可豆时以英镑结算。
imo [in my opinion]
Looks stupid imo [in my opinion], could have just made the bar shorter and kept the original design.
我觉得看起来太蠢了。你们可以把巧克力棒做短一点，保持原来的形状啊。
axiomatic
adj.公理的；自明的
It is axiomatic.A world that changes Toblerone can elect Trump.
显而易见，一个可以改变Toblerone的世界也可以选出来特朗普当总统。
arthritis [ɑː’θraɪtɪs]
n.[外科]关节炎
But one commentator said the bar was easier to break, and another said it would help people with arthritis.
不过还有人评论说巧克力棒更容易掰了，另一个人讽刺道那有助于得了关节炎的群体。
fluctuating
v.波动（fluctuate的ing形式）
adj.波动的；变动的
Walkers this week said it planned to increase the price of its crisps by 10 per cent in response to “fluctuating foreign exchange rates”.
Walkers薯片本周宣布它计划提价10%以应对波动的国际汇率。
考研长难句85~92
语法和长难句85，【真题例句】Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. (2003-4-5)
句子结构：
to是介词，引导后面的所有单词做limit的定语。
高频词：
limit，限制。
pursuit，追求。
然而在这样的追求下，一个社会能够承担的费用是有限的。
语法和长难句86【真题例句】 Downshifting—also known in America as "voluntary simplicity，—has，ironically，even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. (2001-5-14)
句子结构：
has bred 是谓语。
also known in America as "voluntary simplicity是分隔原则。
高频词：
voluntary，自愿的。
area，领域，地点。
具有讽刺意味的是，放慢生活节奏（在美国也被称为“甘愿简朴”）的生活方式居然为所谓的“反消费主义”开辟了一个新领域。
Text 2 第五句 2021年考研英语一阅读理解
They’re already used in dozens of countries worldwide.
句子结构难点：
1，被动句。
高频词和高频词义：
1，dozen 12个
2，worldwide全世界范围内
它们已经在全世界几十个国家使用了。
语法和长难句87【真题例句】That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. (2006-3-3)
句子结构：
mean，意味着。
means后面省略了that。
a higher proportion of what is in the sea是主语。
one指代difference。
recorded by changes in catch sizes是过去分词短语做定语。
高频词：
proportion，比例。
present，现在。
这意味着有更多的海洋生物正在被捕捞，所以，现在和过去的真正差距可能要比用捕捞规模变化所记录的要更糟。
Text 2 第六句 2021年考研英语一阅读理解
In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.
句子结构难点：
1，这个句子虽然长，但是结构简单。
高频词和高频词义：
1，substantially大量地
2，reduce减少
3，severe严重的
在印度尼西亚，该项目提供了足够的食物和药品，大大减少了儿童严重的生长问题。
语法和长难句88【真题例句】Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction—indeed, contradiction—which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom. (1999-3-1)
句子结构：
which是挂钩词，挂在distinction之上。
高频词：
subject，主题。
explore，探索。
distinction，特点。
contradiction，相反。
heart，核心。
campain，运动。
极少有人在这一话题上撰写文章探讨这种区别——甚至是一种矛盾——这种区别涉及到推动计算机课堂教学的运动所存在的问题的核心。
Text 2 第七句 2021年考研英语一阅读理解
But CCT programs don’t generally consider effects on the environment.
句子结构难点：
1，这个句子结构简单
高频词和高频词义：
1，generally 普遍地
2，consider 认为
3，effect 影响
但有条件现金转移支付项目通常不考虑对环境的影响。
语法和长难句89【真题例句】Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. (2003-2-2)
句子结构：
asked引导过去分词短语做状语。
know后面都是know的宾语。
高频词：
oppose，反对。
vaccine，疫苗。
当被问及是否反对免疫（接种）时，她想知道疫苗是否来自动物研究。
Text 2 第八句 2021年考研英语一阅读理解
In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro, an economist at Johns Hopkins University.
句子结构难点：
1，and 连接两个并列的主语。
2，an economist at Johns Hopkins Universit是同位语，解释前面的那个人的身份。
高频词和高频词义：
1，alleviation 减轻
2，protection 保护
3，view…as… 把…看成…
4，conflict 冲突
5, goal 目标
6, economist 经济学家
约翰·霍普金斯大学经济学家保罗•费拉罗(paul ferraro)表示，实际上，扶贫和环境保护常常被视为相互冲突的目标。
语法和长难句90【真题例句】“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers. (2003-3-4)
句子结构：
who是挂钩词。
高频词：
lawyer，律师。
“我们真的希望铁路公司成为市场中谁赢谁输的仲裁者吗? ”经常代表托运人的华盛顿律师 martin bercovici 问道。
Text 2 第九句 2021年考研英语一阅读理解
That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty.
句子结构难点：
1，protecting the environment 动名词短语做主语。
高频词和高频词义：
1，be correlated with 与…有关
2，degradation 堕落
这是因为经济增长可能与环境的恶化有关，而保护环境有时与更严重的贫困有关。
语法和长难句91【真题例句】 The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. (1998-5-2)
句子结构：and连接两个并列的主语。
that是挂钩词。
are是系词。
高频词：
feature，特征。
continent，大陆。
互相吻合的海岸线和某些似乎贯穿海洋的地质特征，会使人想到这两块大陆曾经连接在一起。
Text 2 第十句 2021年考研英语一阅读理解
However, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect.
句子结构难点：
1，这个面的cause是名词，“原因”的意思
高频词和高频词义：
1，correlation 联系
2，prove 证明
3，cause原因
4，effect 影响（名词）
然而，这些相关性并不能证明因果关系。
语法和长难句92【真题例句】Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. (2003-4-1)
句子结构：
that是挂钩词。
the aging population 和 a quality of life 是双宾语。
高频词：
advance，进步。
offer，提供。
这些进步给老年人带来了高质量的生活，这在50年前我刚进入医学行业时是难以想象的。
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