Rabbitmq的死信队列

一、原理

一.死信队列关注的2个重要问题。

1)消息成为死信的三种情况

1.队列消息长度达到限制
2.消费者拒收消费消息，basicAck/basicReject，并且不把消息放回原目标队列，requeue=false
3.原队列存在消息过期设置，消息到达超时时间违背消费

2)正常队列与死信交换机绑定

1.给队列设置参数：x-dead-letter-exchange和x-dead-letter-routing-key

---

二.代码实现步骤

1）创建module：rabbitmq-producer-dlx-spring和rabbitmq-consumer-dlx-spring

项目目录

在pom.xml文件中添加依赖：

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.3</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

2）在rabbitmq-producer-dlx-spring.xml配置文件中配置正常队列和交换机还有死信队列和交换机

1.声明正常队列和交换机：test_queue_dlx,test_exchange_dlx

<!--声明正常队列和交换机-->
    <rabbit:queue id="test_queue_dlx" name="test_queue_dlx"> </rabbit:queue>
    <rabbit:topic-exchange id="test_exchange_dlx" name="test_exchange_dlx">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="test.dlx.#" queue="test_queue_dlx"></rabbit:binding>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:topic-exchange>

2.声明死信队列和死信交换机：que_dlx,exchange_dlx

<!--声明死信队列和交换机-->
    <rabbit:queue id="queue_dlx" name="queue_dlx"></rabbit:queue>
    <rabbit:topic-exchange id="exchange_dlx" name="exchange_dlx">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="dlx.#" queue="queue_dlx"></rabbit:binding>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:topic-exchange>

3.正常队列绑定死信交换机：在正常队列中设置两个参数x-dead-letter-exchange(死信交换机名称),x-dead-letter-routing-key（发送给死信队列的routingley）

<!--声明正常队列和交换机-->
    <rabbit:queue id="test_queue_dlx" name="test_queue_dlx">
        <!--正常队列绑定死信交换机-->
        <rabbit:queue-arguments>
            <entry key="x-dead-letter-exchange" value="exchange_dlx"/>
            <entry key="x-dead-letter-routing-key" value="dlx.hehe"/>
        </rabbit:queue-arguments>
    </rabbit:queue>

4.设置队列的过期时间和设置队列的长度限制

<!--声明正常队列和交换机-->
    <rabbit:queue id="test_queue_dlx" name="test_queue_dlx">
        <!--正常队列绑定死信交换机-->
        <rabbit:queue-arguments>
            <entry key="x-dead-letter-exchange" value="exchange_dlx"/>
            <entry key="x-dead-letter-routing-key" value="dlx.hehe"/>
            <!--设置队列的过期时间-->
            <entry key="x-message-ttl" value="10000" value-type="java.lang.Integer"/>
            <!--设置队列的长度限制-->
            <entry key="x-max-length" value="10" value-type="java.lang.Integer"/>
        </rabbit:queue-arguments>
    </rabbit:queue>

3）发送测试死信消息

1.过期时间测试

 //发送测试死信消息
    @Test
    public void testDlx() {
        //测试过期时间的死信消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("test_exchange_dlx","test.dlx.haha", "用于测试过期时间的死信消息......");
    }

font color=#999AAA >1.过期时间测试结果

2.队列长度限制测试

//发送测试死信消息
    @Test
    public void testDlx() {
        //测试超过长度的死信消息
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("test_exchange_dlx","test.dlx.haha", "用于测试超过长度的死信消息......");
        }
    }

3.消息拒收测试
3.1、配置listener：在rabbitmq-consumer-dlx-spring.xml中

<!--配置监听器bean-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zy.listener"/>
    <!--定义监听器容器-->
    <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" acknowledge="manual" prefetch="1">
        <!-- <rabbit:listener ref="ackListener" queue-names="test_queue_confirm"></rabbit:listener>-->
        <rabbit:listener ref="dlxListener" queue-names="test_queue_dlx"></rabbit:listener>
    </rabbit:listener-container>

3.2、创建DlxListener监听器：com/zy/listener/DlxListener.java

package com.zy.listener;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.api.ChannelAwareMessageListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class DlxListener implements ChannelAwareMessageListener {
    @Override
    public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
        long deliveryTag = message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag();
        try {
            //接受转换消息
            System.out.println(new String(message.getBody()));
            //处理业务逻辑
            System.out.println("处理业务逻辑...");
            //手动签收
            int a = 1 / 0;
            channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, true);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("拒绝接受消息...");
            channel.basicNack(deliveryTag, true, true);
        }
    }
}

3.3、测试代码

@Test
    public void test() {
        while (true) {

        }
    }